新概念第一册 知识点总结(全)
名词
名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。
可数名词单数变复数规则:
1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.
5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.
6)不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice. 代词 第 一 人 称 第 二 人第 三 人 称 称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单 数 复数 人 主 格 I we you you he she it they 称 代 宾 格 me us you you him her it them 词 物 形容 my our your your his her its their 主 词性 代 名词mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 词 性 I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse.
b. Could you help me ?
II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.
形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对
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象.
名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) 时态
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays…
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 My father is a doctor. Tom isn’t at home. Are they policemen?
I often get up at 7 o’clock every morning. He doesn’t like apples.
Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays?
一般现在时句中,如果主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化
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规则如下:
1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加 -s. 例如: works gets says reads
2) 以s,x ,ch,sh或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es。 例如: goes teaches washes
3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如: studies tries carries
特殊情况:动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has。 例如: He has an interesting book. 二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, ….
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 I was at my mother’s last week.
Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago. I didn’t go to the cinema last night.
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