初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析
七年级
1 besides , except, except for,but
（1）besides包括后面所提及的人或物在内，“除、、、之外还（又）”。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. （2）except不包括后面所提及的人或物在内，“抛开、、、不谈”。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him.
（3）except for不包括后面所提及的人或物在内的“除了”，后面跟的词与句子 的主语不属于同类。
Your article is very good except for some mistakes.
（4）but常与every,any,all,none,no以及它们与thing ,body,where构成的复合词等 连用。有的已经成为了惯用语，如：all but“几乎，除、、、之外全部”，anything but “除、、、之外都”，nothing but“只不过是、、、”。 There is nothing but a cup on the table. 练习：
1）All the questions are easy _________the last one.
2）Do you think of nothing_____________watching football? 3）His composition is good __________for some mistakes.
4）He has many relatives_____________his uncle living in Shanghai. 5）Do you know any other language__________English?
2 reach , arrive in/at , get to （1）reach +地点，“到达”。
（2）arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方，“抵达、达到某地（尤指行程的终点）”。 （3）get to+地点，“到达”。 （4）当arrive in/at和get to后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等，则省略介词 in/at/to。
（5）当只表明“到了”，而未表明地点时用arrive。 练习：
1）My sister________school at 7a.m every day.
2）Uncle Li __________New York the day before yesterday. 3）You can___________the railway station by bus.
4）My father_________at 8:00 this morning by airplane. 5）How did you______________home yesterday afternoon? 6）Do you how to___________there ?
7）I will tel you how to ____________here,so d not worry.
3 at the end of , in the end , by the end of
（1）at the end of 指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处，“在、、、结束时”， “在、、、尽头”。
Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last term. At the end of this street you will find a bookshop. （2）in the end 相当于at last ,finally，“最后， 终于”。 In the end they caught the thief.
（3）by the end of 用于过去完成时或将来时，“到、、、末为止”。 By the end of last term we have learned five English songs. This question will have been answered by the end of today. 练习：
1）We will have an English exam _________________January. 2）I am sure everything will turn out satisfactory_______________.
3）________________the meeting,everyone stood up to give the applause. 4）______________last month, I had planted thousands f trees.
4 it , one, that
（1）it 代替上文所提到的那个事物，一般指物，不指人。可以代替单数可数名 词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或them。 I have 50 yuan. My uncle gave it to me last week.
（2）one 代替上文出现过的单数名词，以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人 或物属于同类事物中不同的一个，即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名 词的单数形式。复数形式是ones。
I have lost my old watch.This is a new one.
（3）that 代替前面同类不同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。 代替可数名词时，复数形式是those。that不可以替代表示人的名词，它可 以根据语义在后面加上一些定语，多数是of的短语；他的前面不能存在任 何定语。
The water in wells is cleaner than that in the rivers. 练习：
1）Do you need an English-Chinese dictionary ? I have__________.
2）The language used in advertisements differs from __________ used in ordinary readings.
3）The color of the jacket is better than__________of mine.
4）I saw only one motorcar in the shop.Would you go and buy__________？
5）Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose _________.
5 look for, look up , find , find out （1）look for“寻找”，强调找的过程。 （2）Look up “查找”，强调查字典、电话号码。 （3）Find“找到，发现”,强调找的结果。 （4）Find out“查明，发现，了解”，指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事 或某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。 练习：
1）I’m__________my watch,but I can’t________it.
2）If you do not know the words , you can__________them _________in the dictionary.
3）I__________it difficult to learn English well.
4）The teacher wanted to __________who had broken the door.
6 as well, as well as
（1）as well 相当于also, too“也，又”。常放在句子末尾，无需用逗号与句子分 开。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well. （2）as well as “也，还”。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语 时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致；翻译时先翻译后面，在翻译前面。 Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. 练习：
1）The teachers _____________the students are working overtime. 2）They played all kinds of instruments and sang___________.
7 rather than , instead of , in place of
（1）rather than和would连用时构成would rather... than...“宁愿、、、而不愿、、、” 的句式，表示主观愿望，在两者中择一。 She would rather die than lose her children.
rather than不和would连用时,表示客观事实，“是、、、而不是、、、；与其、、、 不如、、、”。它的并列成分可以是名词，代词，形容词，介词（短语），动名 词，分句，不定式，动词等等。Rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应 该和前面的主语保持一致。Rather than连接两个不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带to。
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
You rather than I are going to go camping. I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
（2）instead of “代替”，“做、、、而不做、、、”。
My parents just called me.I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them instead of shopping with you tonight. （3）in place of “代替”。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。 Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal. 练习：
1）He ran ___________walked.
2）_______________making progress,my work actually seems to be going backwards.
3）William talked at the meeting ____________the manager who was sick.
8 alive, living
（1）alive“活着的，有生命的”，和系动词be连用，着重表示一种状态，作表 语。
He was still alive after the car accident. （2）Living“有生命的，生活的”，在句子中作定语，放在所修饰的名词的前面 或代词的后面。
There are no living things on the moon. 练习：
1）The General was caught_________by the energy.
2）You can ask him about it.He is a ____________dictionary.
9 sound , voice, noise
（1）sound 指的是自然界的一切声音，是声音的总称； （2）Voice指的是说话人的声音； （3）Noise指的是噪音。
There was a strange sound outside. She has a beautiful voice. Don’t make so much noise. 练习：
1）At midnight he heard a strange __________from the next room. 2）Don’t make any ___________in class.
3）When the teacher came into the classroom ,our monitor spoke in a loud _______，“stand up”.
10 say ，speak, talk , tell （1）say+内容（+语言），“说”。Say goodbye / a word. Say it in English,please.
Can you understand what she said. （2）speak+语言，“讲话”。
Would you please speak Chinese,please? I can’t understand you. （3）talk “讲话，谈论，谈话”。talk to / with /about
They were talking about a film when the teacher came in. （4）tell “告诉，讲述”。
tell+抽象的整体 tell a story
tell sth to sb , tell sb (about) sth , tell sb (not) to do sth I’ll tell her the news as soon as I see her. 练习：
1 Jack: I'm going to_______ a story to my students this afternoon. Jessica: Are you going _____it in Chinese or in English?
A tell , say B say, tell C tell, speak D tell, tell 2 His parents are Chinese,but he can’t_________Chinese.
A tell B say C talk D speak 3 Miss White often ________us “Never give up!”
A tells B speaks C says D talks 4 My mother _____me to buy some apples on my way home today. A spoke B talked C told D said 5 Mary ________a story in English in class yesterday morning.
A said B spoke C talked D told 6 Please ________goodbye to the teacher.
A tell B say C talk D speak 7 Tom is_____with Miss Li in the classroom.
A speaking B saying C talking D telling 8 We often________about movie stars after class.
A saying B telling C speaking D talking 9 He was very angry and he didn’t______a word.
A say B talk C speak D tell 10 Janet is from Australia.She can tell a story_______English and Chinese. A speak B say C talk D in
11 be used to do sth , be used to doing sth , used to do sth （1） be used to do sth 是use sth to do sth的被动语态，“被用来做、、、” Nowadays,robots are used to do some dangerous things instead of human. （2）be/get used to doing sth “习惯于做、、、”，be/get是系动词，used是形容词， to是介词。
The man was used to living in the countryside. （3）used to do sth “过去常常做、、、”。
When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions,for example,”How does darkness happen?” 练习：
1）I ___________live in London,but now I am living in Paris. 2）The knife______________cut things.
3）He ________________living alone several months later.
12 be famous for, be famous as
（1）be famous for相当于be known for “以、、、、而闻名”。 The town is famous for its beautiful scenery. （2）be famous as “作为、、、出名；以、、、身份而闻名”。 Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer. 练习：
France_____________________his fine food and wine, Thomas Edison _____________________a greater inventor.
13 watching sb do sth , watch sb doing sth （1）watch sb do sth “看见某人做过、、、”，强调动作的全过程。 I watch the thief steal the book from the desk. Did she watch the children cross the road? （2）watch sb doing sth “看见某人正在做、、、”。强调动作正在进行。
I watch the thief stealing the book from the desk. She watched the children crossing the road. （3）类似用法的词有see , hear等。 练习：
1 我看见小明正在教室写作业。
_______________________________________________ 2 老师看着孩子们过马路了吗？
________________________________________________
14 cross , across, through
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