第二讲 非谓语动词
考查非谓语动词的句法功能
了解句法功能
Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____________ (cook) a meal.
to cook 解析：此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。
2．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____________ (spend) with his students.
spent 解析：time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
3．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________ (catch)． to catch 解析：此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
using 解析：主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
5．(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ____________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
frightening 解析：此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的-ing形式作定语。
6．(2016·北京卷)____________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. Ordered 解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。
Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 1．非谓语动词作状语
(1)非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；
(2016·北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。 (2)非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；
The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。
(3)非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
(4)非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am only too glad to see everything settled. 看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。 Being tired, he went to bed early. 因为很累，他很早就睡了。
Seeing the police, the thieves ran away. 看到警察，小偷就跑了。
源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。 2．非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词类别 动词不定式 动名词 分词 现在分词 过去分词 用法 表示将要发生的动作 表示用途 表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中 表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成 We are preparing for the mid-term examination to be held next week. 我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。
The lecture, starting(＝which was starting)at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 3．非谓语动词作补足语
(1)常接不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on(号召；要求), depend on等；
(山东卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
(2)使役动词have, let, make等后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语； I like the film because it can make me laugh. 我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。
(3)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，后面可接省去to的不定式和动词-ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全过程，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行； (湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(4)have, keep, leave, find, catch, send等动词后可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语； She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. 她让我等了二十多分钟。 (5)过去分词作宾语补足语
want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep, leave, see, hear, find, feel, notice, observe, watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
(福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
知晓固定结构
Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
to prove 解析：want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ____________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. introducing 解析：include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ ll be less likely____________(bring) your work home.
to bring 解析：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____________(cool)the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. to cool 解析：be＋adj.＋enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。
5．(2017·陕西西安二模)____________(judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China.
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