Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
1．Do you wish you are a man or woman? Tell your partner some women of achievement. 2．A Chinese saying goes，“Women can hold up half of the sky.”Read the passage and try to understand the achievement of women.
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860－1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907－1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913－2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.
1．Look at the following pictures, and discuss who they are and what makes them great.
Warming Up
A．Jane Goodall：To work with animals in the wild.
B．Jody Williams：To prevent the making and use of landmines. C．Song Qingling：To work for civil rights, democracy and peace. D．Joan of Arc：To drive the English out of France. E．Elizabeth Fry：To help improve prison conditions.
F．Lin Qiaozhi：To help women and children with their illness and health. 答案：(1)～(6) DEAFCB
2.What qualities should a great person have?
A_great_person_should_be_kind,_intelligent,_responsible,_considerate,_modest,_determined,_hard-working,_unselfish,_willing_to_sacrifice_...
Fast Reading Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage. (1)Jane Goodall has studied chimps for many years in order to________. A．become an expert in this field B．gain her doctor's degree C．discover what chimps eat
D．help people understand the behaviour of chimps
(2)According to the text, chimps usually spend most of their time ________ as a way of showing love in their family.
A．looking after their babies
B．wandering about the forest together C．feeding or cleaning each other D．chasing and fighting each other
(3)We know from Paragraph 2 that Jane Goodall discovered an important fact that ________.
A．chimps hunt and eat meat B．chimps eat only fruit and nuts C．chimps can use a tool
D．chimps sleep together in their nest
(4)Jane Goodall suggested that wild animals should be ________. A．given more food to eat B．allowed to live in the wild C．used for science experiments D．used for entertainment
(5)From the passage we know the bond between members of a chimp family ________. A．is very strong B．is a little weak C．doesn't exist
D．is the strongest of all the animals 答案：(1)～(5) DCABA
Careful Reading 1．Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea. (1)Paragraph 1(D) A．Jane has achieved many things through her efforts. (2)Paragraph 2(C)
B．Jane has done many things for chimps.
(3)Paragraph 3(B) C．Jane has helped people to have a better understanding of the behaviour of chimps.
(4)Paragraph 4(A) the same way that Jane did.
2．Read the passage carefully and then try to write down the main idea. The text is a story about Jane_Goodall who studied_the_chimps in the Gombe National Park for many years, and she changed the_way_people_think_about_chimps.
3．Read the passage carefully and then answer the following questions. (1)What was the purpose of her study of the chimps?
Her_purpose_was_to_help_the_rest_of_the_world_to_understand_and_respect_the_life_of_chimps.
(2)What achievements has Jane achieved?
Working_with_animals_in_their_own_environment,_gaining_a_doctor's_degree_for_her_studies_and_showing_that_women_can_live_in_the_forest_as_men_can.
Summary D．A group studied a family of chimps in
Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. Jane Goodall had wanted to work with animals in their own environment 1.since she was a child. But this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was 2.unusual (usual) for a woman to live in the forest. However, 3.with the help of her mother, she began her work with the chimps, 4.which changed the way that people think about chimps. Spending years observing and recording their daily 5.activities (active), Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat, against 6.what people used to think. She also discovered how chimps communicate 7.with each other. Working with the chimps for years, Jane has argued that wild animals should 8.be_left (leave) in the wild and not used for 9.entertainment (entertain) or advertisements. She has achieved everything she wanted to do, but more 10.importantly (importance), she has got the world to understand and respect the life of chimps.
Discussion Is it harder for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions? Why? Yes._Because_they_may_have_to_overcome_more_difficulties_and_face_more_problems.
Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points
(一)词义配对
1．support A．a series of actions intended to produce political or social change
2．observe
showing you agree with them/it
3．outspoken C．a person who is an expert in a particular area of work or study 4．specialist
D．saying exactly what you think B．help or encourage sb./sth. by saying or
5．worthwhile E．watch attentively
6．campaign F．give sb. the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do sth. well 7．inspire G．worth spending time, money or effort on 答案：1～5 BEDCG 6～7 AF (二)根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词
8．achievement n．成就；功绩→achieve vt.完成；成就；取得 9．connection n．连接；关系；联系→connect v．连接；关联
10．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour/behavior n．行为；举止；习性
11．argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵 12．entertainment n．款待；娱乐；娱乐表演→entertain v．款待；使快乐
1．connection n．[C，U]连接；关系；联系 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings.
她的研究揭示了黑猩猩和人类的关系。
(鲜活例句) There appeared to be no connection between the two crimes.
这两起犯罪案件似乎没有联系。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
?? A和B之间有联系(1)?have a connection with/to 和……有联系??in connection with 与……有关connect ...with ... 把……和……联系/连接起来 there is a connection between A and B (2)connect vt. 使联结；与……有关联 ①There is a connection between pollution and the death of trees. 污染和树木枯死之间有关系。
②As far as I know, he has no connection with the accident. 据我所知，他与这起事故无关。
③I am writing to you in_connection_with your recent job application. 我写此信与你最近求职一事有关。
④His research work is connected with steel industry. 他的研究工作与钢铁行业有关。
2．behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
简研究这些黑猩猩已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么相似。 (鲜活例句) The young lady behaved bravely in the face of danger. 这位年轻女士面对危险表现得非常勇敢。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)behave＋well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 behave as if/though 表现得好像…… (2)behaviour n. 举止；行为；习性 ①They behaved badly to/towards me at the party, which made me very angry. 他们在晚会上对我很不礼貌，这使我很生气。
②My mother asked me to_behave_myself before the guests.
我母亲要求我在客人面前表现得体一些。
③Although he knew the truth, he behaved_as_if/though nothing had happened. 尽管他知道了真相，但他装作若无其事的样子。 3．worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分，我们觉得这一切都是值得的。
(鲜活例句) You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading. 你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。 ★归纳拓展全析考点 “值得做某事”的句型： (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. ??of being done(2)sth. is??worthy???to be done?和她为这样的小事争吵不值得。
worth doing ①It isn't worthwhile quarrelling with her about such little things. ②In my opinion, the film is well worth_seeing. 依我看来，这部电影很值得看。
??to be considered.
③This suggestion is worthy ?
?of being considered.?
这个建议值得考虑。
4．observe vt. 观察；观测；监视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。
(鲜活例句) The boy observed the behaviour of the little animal with great care. 这个男孩非常细心地观察那个小动物的行为。
(鲜活例句) As a middle school student, he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.
作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。
(鲜活例句) Earth Day was first observed in the US in the spring of 1970. 人们第一次庆祝“地球日”是在1970年春天，在美国庆祝的。
★归纳拓展全析考点
observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做了某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事 observe＋that-clause 发现…… ①I observed a stranger go/going into the office. 我看到一个陌生人进了/正在进入办公室。
②I observed_that several students were asleep in class. 我注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了。
5．respect vt. & n．尊敬；尊重；敬意；方面 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.
40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
(鲜活例句) If you want to be respected, you must respect yourself first. 如果你想别人尊重你，那首先你必须尊重自己。
(鲜活例句) Out of respect, we'd better ask him for advice on this matter. 出于尊重，我们最好就此事征求他的建议。
(鲜活例句) I can't agree with you in this respect. 在这方面，我不赞同你的意见。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)respect sb./sth. 尊敬某人/某物 respect sb. as/for ... 尊敬某人为……/因……而尊敬某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 with respect 尊敬地；尊重地 send/give one's respects to sb. 代某人向某人致敬/问候 ①She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实，我因此非常敬重她。
②We should have/show_respect_for our parents. 我们应该尊敬父母。
③Please give my respects to your parents. 请代我向你父母致意。
6．argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论
★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
(鲜活例句) He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 他提出理由说明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)argue with sb.(about/over sth.) (就某事)与某人争(辩)论 argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对…… (2)argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 ①Do you often argue with your wife about which TV programme to watch? 你经常为看哪个电视节目与妻子争论吗？
②Woolf's report argued_for an improvement in prison conditions. 伍尔夫的报道主张改善监狱条件。
③I argued_her_out_of_going on such a dangerous journey. 我说服她不去做这样危险的旅行。
7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示；给予灵感 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. 她激励着那些为女性的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。
(鲜活例句) His brother was admitted to Beijing University, which inspired him to study harder.
他的哥哥被北京大学录取了，这激励他更加努力学习。
(鲜活例句) The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to write their great poetry.
西湖美景给了许多诗人灵感，从而创作出他们伟大的诗篇。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
①His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. ＝ His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with confidence. 他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
②Inspired by his inspiring words, they went on climbing the snowy mountains. 被他鼓舞人心的话所激励，他们又继续爬雪山了。 ③She was inspired to work harder than ever before. 她受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力工作了。 8．support vt.& n．支持；供养；拥护；资助；支撑 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her.
简在妈妈来帮助她之后，她才得到允许开始工作。
(鲜活例句) He has to work hard to support a big family. 他不得不努力工作来养活一大家子人。
(鲜活例句) We are deeply grateful for your support. 我们深深感谢您的支持。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人 support oneself 自食其力 (2)in support of 支持 give/lend/offer/provide support to sb. 支持某人 ①Many people spoke in support of the new plan. 许多人表示支持这项新的计划。
②He offered_support_to_me when I suggested a walk. 当我提议去散散步时，他支持我(的建议)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The connection(connect) of the telephone between two villages was cut off. 2．I observed a girl looking (look) at me just now.
3．I am glad that your behaviour (behave) has improved a lot.
4．The trip to Xiamen cost us five thousand dollars, but I think it was worthwhile (worth).
5．My eyes are normal in all respects.
6．We remembered the inspiring (inspire) talks he gave us last time. 7．Luckily, the bus was not so crowded (crowd) then.
8．I like radio, television and other forms of entertainment (entertain)． Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I will ask my colleagues to join me in_support_of (支持) this plan. 2．You should observe_the_local_customs (遵从当地的风俗) when you go abroad. 3．It's_worthwhile (值得的) taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
4．Her trust in me has inspired_me_to_do (激励我做) things that I never imagined possible.
5．I wondered if the child behaved_properly (表现得体) in face of danger.
1．fight for 为……而奋斗 2．put sb. to death 处死；处决 3．devote ... to 把……贡献给；致力于 4．human being 人类
5．move off 离开；起程；出发
6．be allowed to_do sth. 被允许做某事 7．communicate with sb. 与某人交际、交流 8．work out 算出；制定出
9．lead a ... life 过着……的生活
10．crowd _in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
1．move off 离开；起程；出发 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) The signal was given and they moved off. 信号一发出，他们就出发了。
(鲜活例句) Before moving off, the driver should use wing mirrors to look round. 开车前，驾驶员应该用后视镜察看四周。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
move in/into 搬进(新居)
move on (to sth.) 开始做(别的事)；换(话题)
I've been in this job long enough — it's time I moved on. 我在这个职位上已干得够久了——我该换换岗位了。 2．lead a ... life (＝ live a ... life)过着……的生活 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.
在党的领导下，现在农民们过着幸福的生活。
(鲜活例句) Although he is very rich, he still leads a simple life. 尽管他非常富裕，他仍旧过着简朴的生活。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
lead a ... life中的life作同源宾语。常见的能跟同源宾语的动词有：live， sleep， smile， sing， sigh， breathe， die， laugh， dream等。 ①Hearing the good news, the old man laughed a hearty laugh. 听到这个好消息后，这位老人开心地笑了。 ②He dreamt_a_terrible_dream last night. 昨天晚上他做了个噩梦。
3．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) After seeing the report, problems about the company crowded in my head.
看了这份报告后，很多有关公司的问题涌上我的心头。
(鲜活例句) Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her. 她心乱如麻。
★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)crowd into one's mind/head (＝ crowd in on sb.) 涌上心头；涌入脑海 crowd in/into sp. 涌入/挤进某场所 (2)be crowded with 挤满了 ①The memories of the childhood crowded into my mind/crowded in on me. 童年的记忆涌上我的心头。
②People crowded_into the new supermarket to go shopping. 人们涌入那家新开的超市去购物。
③The bus was crowded with passengers. 公共汽车上挤满了乘客。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jane and I have nothing in common.
2．The lorries were lined up, ready to move off. 3．We must work out a better method of saving paper. 4．The lawyer was so kind that he argued for the poor man. 5．When I saw her, memories crowded in on me.
6．The judges are determined to put the prisoner to death.
7．Don't concern yourself with matters that are not your business. 8．I am fully sure that I can lead a happy life through my own effort! Ⅱ.选词填空 错误!
1．She shut her mind against the fears that crowded_in on her.
2．The people in Syria have gone through so many wars and they dream of leading_a_peaceful_life.
3．The car stood at the traffic light for a few minutes, and then moved_off. 4．I can't get on well with him, for we have nothing in_common with each other. 5．He devoted all his life to studying maths and won great fame for our country.
1．[句型展示] Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the
family begins to wake up and move off.
大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时猩猩一家睡醒了，准备离开。
[典例背诵] You can't be too careful while crossing the road. 过马路时再小心也不为过。
2．[句型展示] Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months_was_she_allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
[典例背诵] Only when the war was over was he able to return to his homeland. 只有当战争结束后，他才得以回到祖国。
3．[句型展示] Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
[典例背诵] Once he has made up his mind, nothing can make him change his mind. 一旦他下定决心，什么都无法使他改变主意。
1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 (1)本句中的“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句用部分倒装结构。
(2)当only置于句首修饰作状语的副词、介词短语或从句时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。
①Only then did he realize that he was not fit for the job. 到那时他才意识到他不适合做这项工作。
②Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. 只有通过大声叫喊，他才能被听到。
③Only in this way can_you_improve your English. 只有用这种方法你的英语水平才能提高。
④Only when he returned did_we_find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事实真相。 [点津] only放在句首，强调主语时不用倒装。 ⑤Only Tom and John failed in the exam. 只有汤姆和约翰考试没及格。
2．Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
once此处用作连词，意为“一旦……就”，用于引导时间状语从句，类似于as soon as。 ①I'm sure you'll be very happy here once you get to know everyone else. 我敢肯定一旦你认识了其他所有人，你在这儿就会很愉快。 ②Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 见一次就永远不会忘记。
③Physics is easy to learn once_you_understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Be careful while you are crossing the street.
2．Only if you speak more will you be able to improve your spoken English. 3．Once you start, you will never give up. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Only if you eat the correct foods will_you_be_able_to_stay_healthy (你才能保持身体健康).
2．Only_in_this_way (只有用这种方法) can you catch up with others.
3．No matter what you do, once_you_begin/start (一旦开始), you must continue.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I hope I can lead a happy life in the future. 2．It is worthwhile to see the film.
3．Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
4．George waved his hand and the car moved off.
5．Careful observation (observe) is important to scientists. 6．Only when the class is over can you go out of the classroom. 7．Body language is closely connected (connect) with culture.
8．She tried to sleep, but thoughts crowded in and images flashed into her mind. 9．His first novel was_inspired (inspire) by the memory of his mother. 10．He argued with his wife about the best place for a holiday. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我的摄像机自从修好后一直很正常。
My camera has_been_behaving_well since it was repaired. 2．汤姆被人看到从商店里偷东西。
Tom was_observed_to_steal from the shop. 3．他们总是为了钱而相互争吵。
They're always arguing_with_each_other_about/over money. 4．大厅中挤满了他的忠实粉丝。
The hall was_crowded_with his devoted fans. 5．到那时我才意识到我的错误。 Only then did_I_realize my mistakes. 6．水一开始沸腾，温度就不再升高了。
Once_water_begins_to_boil,_its temperature no longer rises. Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Born on April 4, 1928, Maya Angelou had a hard childhood. Her parents got divorced when she was very young. She was a single mother and being a single mother was very hard on her.
It was finally in 1949 that she started to find her place in the world when she changed her name to show her Calypso dance performances at the night club where she worked. It was there that she won a scholarship and trained in African dance and modern dance. She formed a group and they traveled all over Europe with an opera production. As she traveled, she studied different languages and became excellent in several of them. During this time, she made her first album, Miss Calypso, and it was a success.
In the 1950s, she moved to New York and started to work more on her writing. She heard Dr Martin Luther King speak in 1960 and began organizing different benefits for Civil Rights. In 1961, she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement and is remembered for her work around the country.
She later moved to Ghana with her son and worked in the University of Ghana's School of Music and Drama. It was there that she became close friends with Malcolm X. She returned to the US in 1964 to help Malcolm X with a new Civil Rights movement. Shortly after she returned to the US, Malcolm X and Dr King were both assassinated (暗杀). To deal with the deaths of her friends, she wrote her first book, I Know
Why the Caged Bird Sings, which finally made her famous around the world. The 1970s
were some of her most productive years as a writer, poet, as well as a singer.
语篇解读：作者向我们介绍了Maya Angelou 的生平故事，讲述了她艰难的一面，也讲述了她的成就。
1．What's the best title of this passage? A．The hard and terrible life of Maya Angelou B．Some unknown facts about Maya Angelou C．Maya Angelou: a life of hard work and success D．Maya Angelou: a life of bad luck and sadness
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了Maya Angelou 的艰难和成就，故选C做文章的标题最好。
2．What finally made Maya Angelou well known around the world? A．Her friendship with Martin Luther King. B．The books and poems she wrote in the 1970s. C．The book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.
D．Her unbelievable work as a Civil Rights activist.
解析：选C 细节推理题。根据末段的“she wrote her first book, I Know Why the
Caged Bird Sings, which finally made her famous around the world”可知，是玛雅·安
吉罗 创作的第一本书让她扬名海内外。
3．We can infer from the passage that________. A．Maya Angelou succeeded as a Civil Rights activist B．the songs in Miss Calypso were in different languages
C．Maya Angelou never got married in her whole life D．Maya Angelou didn't have a gift for learning languages
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“In 1961, she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement and is remembered for her work around the country”可推断 Maya Angelou 作为一个公民权利积极分子是成功的。
4．From the passage, we know that Maya Angelou was a________. A．writer, salesgirl, teacher and dancer B．singer, painter, dancer, poet and writer C．writer, poet, singer, dancer and Civil Rights activist
D．singer, publisher, Civil Rights activist and writer
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “her Calypso dance performances”， 第
三段的 “she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement”以及末段的 “The 1970s were some of her most productive years as a writer, poet, as well as a singer” 可知应选C。
B
Bonnie Kathleen Blair was born on March 18, 1964. Although born in Cornwall, New York, she spent her childhood in Champaign, Illinois.Bonnie started skating when she was only two years old.
Bonnie Blair had a gift for skating.Poverty, unfortunately, is often a hard taskmaster. Despite her success as a young skater in America, her family lacked the funds to send her to Europe to compete internationally.
But fortune can smile in different ways, and a friend of her father organized a fundraising (筹款) effort in her hometown that allowed her to go abroad and compete on the 1982—1983 World Cup circuit.
The young and confident Blair faced her first challenge when she appeared at her first Olympic Winter Games in Sarajevo 1984.To her great disappointment, she failed to win a single medal.Her first gold and the first glimpse of her genius came at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta.To the electrifying (激动人心的) cheers of the audience, Blair set a new record, and picked up her first gold, in the 500-meter race.She finished in style, beating the defending champion by just 0.1 seconds, and also picked up a bronze in the 1,000 meters.This was a tremendous feat for an athlete who had lost four years before.
In 1992, at the Albertville games, she won the 500 meters and 1,000 meters, becoming the first woman to win back-to-back gold medals in the same event.
Blair reached the high point of her career at the Lillehammer games in Norway.She continued her winning streak by picking up the gold in the 500-meter race for the third time in a row, but her crowning glory came when she won the 1,000 meters with a margin of 1.38 seconds, the best in the history of the Olympic Winter Games! She now had the record for medals in women's events with five golds and one bronze.
She retired at the age of 31, but before doing so she set another record in the American 1,000-meter race.Starting with almost nothing, this woman reached the heights of glory in just 12 years.
语篇解读：本文介绍了美国著名的滑冰运动员——邦妮·布莱尔。她曾获得过五枚金牌和一枚铜牌。
5．Why could Bonnie not go to Europe to compete internationally when she was young?
A．Because she was not good enough.
B．Because her family did not have enough money. C．Because her health was not good. D．Because her coach did not like her.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite her success as a young skater in America, her family lacked the funds to send her to Europe to compete internationally” 可知，她那个时候不能去欧洲是因为她家没钱送她去。
6．During her first Olympic Winter Games in Sarajevo 1984, Bonnie ________. A．got her first gold medal B．did not win any medal C．only won a bronze medal D．set a new world record
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The young and confident Blair faced her first challenge when she appeared at her first Olympic Games in Sarajevo 1984. To her great disappointment, she failed to win a single medal” 可知，B项正确。
7．How many gold medals did Bonnie get at the Albertville games? A．One. C．Three.
B．Two. D．Four.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In 1992, at the Albertville games, she won the 500 meters and 1,000 meters” 可知她在那场比赛中赢得了两枚金牌。
8．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Bonnie spent her childhood in the place where she was born. B．Bonnie's first gold medal was in the 1,000 meters race. C．Bonnie started skating at a very early age. D．Bonnie won four gold medals and one bronze medal.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句“Bonnie started skating when she was only two years old” 可知正确答案选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Just up the road from my home is a field, with two horses in it. From a distance, each horse looks like any other horse. But if you get a __1__ (close) look you will
notice one of them is blind.
Instead of abandoning him, his owner has made him a safe and comfortable barn to live in. And if you stand nearby and listen, you will hear the sound of a bell __2__ (come) from __3__ smaller horse. Attached to __4__ (it) halter is a small, copper-colored bell assisting the blind friend to follow him.
__5__ you watch them, you'll find the horse with the bell always checking on the blind one, and that the blind horse will listen for the bell and then slowly walk to __6__ the other one is, trusting he will not __7__ (lead) astray. When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each evening, he will stop __8__ (frequent) to look back, making sure that the other isn't too far behind __9__ (hear) the bell.
Life does not throw us away just because we are not perfect or because we have problems or challenges. Sometimes we are the blind horse being guided by the little ringing bell of our acquaintances; __10__ other times we are the guide horse, who helps others to find their way.
答案：1.closer 2.coming 3.the 4.its 5.As 6．where 7.be led 8.frequently 9.to hear 10.at
Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language
Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage. 1．The text tells us that ________.
A．how the writer chose her major at college
B．what Lin Qiaozhi did helps a lot of people who needed medical service C．Lin Qiaozhi has a lot of good quality to be famous D．why Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine
2．The small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies was intended for ________.
A．the women who would give birth to a baby B．the persons who wanted to keep healthy C．the women who lived in the countryside D．the women who couldn't reach the countryside
3．________ made Lin Qiaozhi famous. A．Hard work and determination B．Good nature
C．Her delivering a baby
D．Her kindness and consideration to all her patients
4．After reading the information about Lin Qiaozhi, the writer decided to study ________ at college.
A．English C．chemistry
B．biology D．medicine
5．From the text we can know that ________. A．Lin Qiaozhi never got married
B．in the early 20th century, women had the same right as men in education C．if a poor family couldn't pay Lin Qiaozhi, she wouldn't deliver a baby for the family
D．Lin Qiaozhi was cleverer than her classmates and as a result, she became a specialist
答案：1～5 BCDDA
根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词 1．intend (v.) to plan to do something
2．emergency (n.) an unexpected situation involving danger in which immediate action is necessary
3．generation (n.) a group of people in society who are born and live around the same time
4．deliver (v.) to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to
5．consideration (n.) the act of thinking carefully about sth. 6．kindness (n.) kind behaviour towards someone
1．intend vt.计划；打算 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended
for women in the countryside.
我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。
(鲜活例句) I intend to buy this kind of clothes because they wash well. 我打算买这种衣服，因为它们容易洗。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 (2)be intended to do 为了做…… be intended for 专门为……而设计的； 专供……使用的 (3)had intended to do sth.或intended to have done sth.本打算做某事(但没有做) ①My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year. 女朋友和我打算明年结婚。
②The meeting is_intended_to_deal_with some important problems. 开这个会的目的是想解决一些重要问题。
③I had_intended_to_watch_the_game,_but I had something more important to do. 我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。 2．consideration n．[U]体谅；体贴；关心；考虑 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.
她对病人的爱心和体贴造就了她后来的成功。
(鲜活例句) It's said that he shows great consideration for his wife. 据说他非常体贴他的妻子。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)take ...into consideration 考虑到……；体谅…… be under consideration 在考虑中；在审议中 in consideration of 考虑到；鉴于 (2)considerate adj. 考虑周到的 ①You'd better take the quality into consideration. 你最好考虑到质量的问题。
②As far as I know, your suggestion is under consideration. 据我所知，你的建议正在考虑中。
③They didn't give him heavy work in_consideration_of his youth. 他们考虑到他年轻，没给他分配繁重的工作。
④She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. 她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。
3．deliver vt.生(小孩儿)；接生；递送；发表(演说等)
形象记忆 ★背诵佳句培养语感 (教材原句) There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work，went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫困家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。
(鲜活例句) The student named Tom delivered a speech in the front of the classroom.
那个叫汤姆的学生在教室前面作了一个演讲。
(鲜活例句) Every day the milkman delivers milk to my house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)deliver ... to ... 把……交给/传递给…… (2)deliver a baby 助产；接生 be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子 (3)deliver a speech 发表演说 ①Some new books have been delivered to our school. 一些新书已被送到我们学校。
②She was_delivered_of a healthy baby girl in the hospital last night. 昨夜她在医院里产下一个健康女婴。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These books are intended for children only.
2．Please give the matter your careful consideration (considerate)． 3．Did you deliver my message to my mother?
4．Her motherly kindness (kind) attaches many children to her. 5．Catching a cold is a common childhood sickness (sick). Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我打算尽快赶到那里。
I intended_to_get_there as soon as possible. 2．我们应该把他的年龄考虑在内。
We should take_his_age_into_consideration. 3．约翰被邀请在毕业典礼上发表演讲。
John was asked to_deliver_a_speech on the graduation. 4．我父母和我之间有代沟。
There is a_generation_gap between my parents and I. 5．这家百货公司有四个紧急出口。
There are four_emergency_exits in the department store.
1．carry on 继续；坚持 2．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；发现 3．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
4．be intended for_ 专为……而设计的 5．look down on/upon 蔑视；瞧不起 6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；涉及
7．protect ... from ... 保护……不受……侵害 8．prepare for 为……做准备
1．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Many people look down upon poor people. 许多人瞧不起穷人。
(鲜活例句) Teachers are no longer looked down upon. Instead, they are being more and more looked up to.
老师不再被瞧不起。相反，他们越来越受尊重。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look into 调查；考察 look through 浏览；仔细查看 look forward to 期待；盼望 ①It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children.
据报道，警方将很快调查两个孩子失踪的案件。 ②She looked_through her notes before the exam. 她考试前匆匆看了一下笔记。
③He is looking forward to working with you. 他期待着与你共事。
2．refer to查阅；参考；谈到；涉及 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. 如果group指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。
(鲜活例句) You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，你可以查阅笔记。
(鲜活例句) We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)refer to ... as 把……当作 (2)refer to/ consult a dictionary ＝ look up sth. in the dictionary (为……)查字典 ①Smoking is usually referred to as a bad habit. 抽烟通常被认为是一种坏习惯。
②Don't refer_to/consult the dictionary while having an examination. ＝ Don't look up new words in the dictionary while having an examination. 考试时不准查词典。 3．by chance碰巧；凑巧 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases.
恰巧我看到了一篇关于林巧稚医生的文章，她是一位妇科病专家。
(鲜活例句) By chance he found the very book he was always looking for. 他偶然发现了他一直在寻找的那本书。
(鲜活例句) It was by chance that I met my old friend yesterday. 我昨天是偶然遇到了我的老朋友。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
by accident 碰巧；凑巧 by design/on purpose 有意地；故意地 We shall never know whether this happened by design/on purpose or not. 我们将无法得知这事是不是有意安排的。 4．come across(偶然)碰见；遇见；发现 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) In carrying out the plan we came across some difficulties. 我们在实施这个计划时遇到了一些困难。
(鲜活例句) On the way to school we came across an old man lying on the road. 我们在上学路上发现一位老人躺在路上。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
come about 发生(常用于疑问句) come up 长出地面；(太阳)升起；发生； 被提及；被讨论 come up with 提出；想出 ①Can you tell me how the accident came about? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
②He came_up_with a good suggestion at the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一项好建议。 5．carry on 继续；坚持 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的美好事业呢？
(鲜活例句) She carried on with her work as if nothing had happened. 她继续做她的工作，就好像什么事都没发生过一样。
(鲜活例句) You'll have an accident if you carry on driving like that. 如果你继续那样开车的话会出事故的。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
??with sth.???继续做某事 (1)carry on??doing sth.???(2)carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等) carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等) ①In my opinion, the plan should be carried out immediately. 依我看来，那项计划应该立刻实施。
②Jane carried_off all the prizes, which made her parents proud. 简赢得了全部奖品，这使她的父母非常自豪。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She came across some old letters in the course of her search. 2．Women were looked down upon in the old society.
3．Refer to a dictionary if you don't know what this word means. 4．Her help has given the old man the hope to carry on with his life. 5．He learned the news by chance from a newspaper. Ⅱ.选词填空
come across， by chance， refer to， carry on， look down on 1．Just because they make more money, they look_down_on me.
2．Yang Mi insists that fortune favors only the prepared mind and nobody's success happens by_chance.
3．He ignored the doctor's advice and carried_on smoking.
4．It was foolish of him to refer_to his notes during such an important test, and as a result, he got punished.
5．My mother came_across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
1．[句型展示] It_seemed_that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.
她似乎一直忙于自己所选择的事业——去国外留学，写书和写文章。
[典例背诵] It seemed to him that he would never be able to work out the question for good.
在他看来他好像永远无法很好地解决那个问题。
2．[句型展示] Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that_got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。 [典例背诵] It is his courage as well as his intelligence that makes him succeed.
正是他的勇气和智慧使他取得了成功。
3．[句型展示] What made her succeed later on was_the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.
她对病人的爱心和体贴造就了她后来的成功。
[典例背诵] What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
4．[句型展示] Why_not_study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的美好事业呢？
[典例背诵] Since he has admitted his mistake, why not give him a chance? 既然他已承认了错误，为什么你不给他一次机会？
1．It_seemed_that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.
她似乎一直忙于自己所选择的事业——去国外留学，写书和写文章。
(1)It seems/seemed that ... 是一个固定句型，表示“看来……；好像……”，该句型可转换为：Sb./Sth. seems/seemed ＋不定式。
①It seems that he is fit for the present job. ＝ He seems to be fit for the present job. 看起来他适合目前的工作。
(2)其他含seem的相关句型常用的还有： ·It seems＋ adj./n.＋to do sth. 看起来好像……
·It seems as if/as though ... 看起来好像…… ·There seems (to be)．.. 看起来像有……
②It seems difficult to_remember her phone number. 似乎很难想起她的电话号码。
③It_seems_as_if our team is going to win.
看来我们队要赢了。
④There seems (to be) every hope that business will get better. 看起来很有希望生意会好转的。
2．Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。 (1)It is/was ... that ...是强调句，用来强调句子中除谓语和定语之外的成分。被强调的部分指人时用who或that均可；指事物或状况时用that。
①It was in the park that I met the foreigner. 我是在公园里遇到了这个外国人。
②It_was what he said that made me angry. 是他说的话让我气愤。 (2)强调句的疑问形式
·强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it ... that ...? ③Is it your brother who works in that company? 是你哥哥在那家公司工作吗？
·强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that ...? ④What_was_it_that made you change your mind? 是什么使你改变了主意？
(3)not ...until句式的强调结构：It is/was not until＋ ...＋that＋ ... ⑤It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床睡觉。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It seems that most people prefer watching football games to playing football. 2．Why not stop (stop) them polluting the river? 3．It happened that he was not at home then. 4．What you told me is very important.
5．It was her hard work that led to her success. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．What_I_say_and_do (我所说的和所做的) is my own affair. 2．It_seemed_that/as_if (似乎) he had known the news.
3．I completely forgot where_it_was_that (到底在哪里) I put my wallet after
I paid the bill.
4．Now that you've already come here, why_not_have_a_try (为什么不试试)? 5．It_was_his_failure_in_the_exam (正是他在考试中的失败) that let me down.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She had gone to a neighbouring village to_deliver (deliver) a baby. 2．What the teacher said at the meeting did refer to some of us students. 3．The boss didn't have the intention (intend) of employing me. 4．They discovered the entrance to the underground palace by chance. 5．Everything taken (take) into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
6．Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading? 7．It seems that after we give something up, we gain something new. 8．Why not have (have) a picnic this afternoon?
9．He has to carry on working (work), for it is the work he has chosen. 10．I hope you don't look down upon this kind of work. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It_hit_me_all_of_a_sudden (我突然想起来) that I had forgotten her birthday. 2．Only when I reached the top of the mountain did I feel a great sense of achievement (我才有一种巨大的成就感)．
3．When marking your exam papers, the teacher will take_your_long_illness_into _consideration (考虑你长时间生病的情况)．
4．If you want to eat out, why_not_try (为什么不试试) the new pizza restaurant? 5．All we need is enough money to carry_on_with_our_work (继续我们的工作)． Ⅲ.完形填空
A daughter complained to her father about how hard her life was. She was __1__ and wanted to give up.
Her father filled three pots with __2__ and placed them on the fire. The daughter looked at him in a strange way, __3__ what he was trying to do. He then put carrots, eggs and coffee beans in each pot respectively (各自地) without saying a word. Half an hour later, he __4__ the fire. He pulled the carrots and eggs __5__ and placed them in two bowls. Then he poured the coffee in another bowl.
He asked his daughter to feel the __6__. She did and __7__ that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and __8__ it. After pulling off the shell, she
observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to __9__ the coffee. She frowned at the strength of the coffee.
__10__， she asked, “What does it mean, Father？”
He explained, “Each of them __11__ the same 100 degrees of boiling water. __12__， each reacted differently.”
“After going through the boiling water, the carrots became __13__. An egg is easy to __14__. But now its inside has become hardened. The coffee beans were __15__. After they were in the boiling water, they became stronger and richer.”
Which are you? __16__ adversity (厄运) knocks on your door, you should act like the coffee bean. The bean does not get its wonderful __17__ until it reaches 100 degrees. When the water gets the __18__， it just tastes better. When things are at their worst and __19__ are at their greatest, you should make more effort. Then you will win success. __20__， you will become soft with no strength like carrots or hardened like eggs with a stiff (坚硬的) heart.
语篇解读：遇到困难时，我们应该像咖啡豆一样，愈挫愈勇，这样才会获得最后的成功。 1．A.excited C．tired
B．satisfied D．shocked
解析：选C 根据首句“A daughter complained to her father about how hard her life was” 及下文的“wanted to give up” 可知，女儿感到“累了(tired)”，想放弃。
2．A.water C．coffee
B．milk D．food
解析：选A 根据下文的“After going through the boiling water” 可知父亲在三个锅里都装上了“水(water)”，然后放到火上。
3．A.realizing C．wondering
B．believing D．admitting
解析：选C 根据上文的“looked at him in a strange way”可知女儿对父亲的举动感到好奇，“想知道(wondering)”他想要做什么。
4．A.turned off C．looked at
解析：选A turn off“关掉”。 5．A.up C．out
B．away D．in B．put down D．set about
解析：选C 根据下文的“placed them in two bowls ... in another bowl”可知父亲把火关掉，然后把这三样东西取“出来(out)”放在三个碗里。
6．A.eggs C．beans
B．carrots D．bowls
解析：选B 根据下文的“they were soft” 可知父亲让女儿去摸“胡萝卜(carrots)”，“注意到(noted)”它们很软。
7．A.noted C．proved
解析：选A 参见下题解析。 8．A.fry C．break
B．clean D．cook B．answered D．doubted
解析：选C 根据下文的“After pulling off the shell” 可知，女儿把鸡蛋“打碎(break)”，然后把皮剥掉。
9．A.make C．pour
B．taste D．offer
解析：选B 根据下文的“She frowned at the strength of the coffee.”可知父亲让女儿“品尝(taste)”咖啡。
10．A.Pleased C．Puzzled
B．Frightened D．Disappointed
解析：选C 根据下文的“What does it mean, Father？” 可知女儿对父亲的行为感到“迷惑(puzzled)”。
11．A.faced C．caused
B．feared D．knew
解析：选A 根据下文的“After going through the boiling water”可知这三样东西都“面临(faced)”着100摄氏度的水。
12．A.Thus C．Anyhow
B．Besides D．However
解析：选D 上下文为转折关系，故用however。 13．A.soft C．green
B．fresh D．big
解析：选A 胡萝卜经过沸水后变软了。上文的“they were soft”是提示。 14．A.understand C．move
B．find D．damage
解析：选D 根据But可知前后是转折关系，故在此这位父亲说鸡蛋以前是易碎、易被“破坏(damage)”的。
15．A.unique
B．strange
C．common D．lucky
解析：选A 根据前面对胡萝卜和鸡蛋的描述，以及下文的“After they were in the boiling water, they became stronger and richer.”可知父亲认为相对于其他两样，咖啡豆是“独特的(unique)”。
16．A.Before C．Because
B．Though D．When
解析：选D “当(when)”厄运降临时，你应该表现得像咖啡豆一样。 17．A.flavor C．time
B．color D．role
解析：选A 咖啡豆直到被煮开时，“香味(flavor)”才会散发出来。 18．A.lowest C．purest
B．deepest D．hottest
解析：选D 根据“it reaches 100 degrees”可知，在此用hottest。 19．A.rules C．values
B．trials D．views
解析：选B 根据“things are at their worst”可知，情况最糟糕时，“考验(trials)”也最大。
20．A.On the contrary C．As a result
B．In other words D．In a word
解析：选A 根据“you will become soft with no strength like carrots or hardened like eggs”可知前后文是转折关系，故在此用“恰恰相反(on the contrary)”。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五
I worked for a short time as a cashier (出纳员) at a restaurant a few months ago. __1__ One night, just before Christmas, I found a large black wallet on the floor near one of the tables. I guess I should have checked it to find out who was the owner, but I was busy at the time. Also, I imagined that if the wallet contained anything valuable, the owner would be back.
An hour later a man came up to the counter (柜台). __2__ I asked him to describe the lost wallet, and after he described it exactly, I gave him the wallet. He expressed his sincere thanks when I handed it to him. He asked me if I had opened it, and when I told him “No”， he opened it right away and showed that it contained nearly $800 in cash (现金). __3__
“A reward for your honesty，” he said and then turned and walked away. __4__ I began wondering whether I would have been so honest if I had known what was in the wallet! I thought that if there had been no way to find the owner and no one had returned to claim (认领)it, I might have kept it. But it also came into my mind that I had in fact saved someone's Christmas plans by finding and returning the wallet. __5__ The good feeling it gave me was worth more than anything money could buy.
A. He looked quite worried and asked if anyone had found a wallet. B．Later I thought about it again.
C．To my surprise, he took out a twenty-dollar bill and handed it to me. D. So I didn't return the wallet until the owner returned. E．I wanted to be honest, so I didn't care much about money. F．I also helped clear off the tables when it was especially busy. G. For quite a long time I kept happy whenever I thought about it. 答案：1～5 FACBG Ⅴ.短文改错
I will never forget the story that happens on a bus the other day. It was a windy day. I got off a bus after school. A young lady was standing the next to me. Suddenly, a strong wind blew inside the windows. The lady's false hair has blown away. To our surprise, he was hairless. While she was wondering what to do, when many passengers laughed loudly. She managed to hold back her tears. Saw this, I picked up her false hair and said, “Don't be sadness, Miss. I'm sure your hair will grow again.”When I glanced the other passengers, they all quick bent their heads with shame.
答案：第一句：happens→happened 第三句：off→on 第四句：去掉the 第六句：has→was 第七句：he→she 第八句：去掉when
第十句：Saw→Seeing；sadness→sad 第十一句：glanced后加at；quick→quickly
Section_Ⅳ
Grammar_&_Writing
主谓一致
英语句子的主语和谓语要一致。下面是常见的几种形式：
1．由连词and 或both ... and ...连接的两个主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。 Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam. 汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。
[点津] 但是当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
2．两个并列的名词前有each, every, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都发了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男人和女人都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
3．集合名词family, class, crowd, team, government, company, group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)
4．当people, police, cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the lost child. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
5．主语后有with, together with, like, but, as well as, except, including, rather than, besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 [考题印证]1
①(江苏高考改编) Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.
②(福建高考改编)The famous musician, as well as his students, was (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
6．在正式的文体中，由not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor, either ... or, or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词同与其靠近的主语保持一致。there be句型也是如此。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come. 学生和老师都没来。
Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music. 孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。 Either you or I am to blame. 你或我该受责备。
There is a book and two pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。
7．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大约3/4是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约50%的学生是女生。 [考题印证]2
(安徽高考改编)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were (be) saved for other purposes.
8．不定代词all(指物时)，anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody，something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。 [考题印证]3
(湖南高考改编)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
9．代词none和neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。
None of them knows/know the answers. 他们中没有人知道答案。
None of the information about him has been received. 关于他的消息一点儿也没收到。
10．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如果被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two miles is too far for the child. 两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。 [考题印证]4
(湖南高考改编)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be)around $8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them.
11．不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting. 如何解决这个问题要在会上讨论。
Whether he will help us with it doesn't matter too much. 他是否帮我们关系不大。
12．由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
This new type of buses is now on show. (Buses of this new kind are now on show.) 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。
A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。
13．a number of (许多)，a variety of (各种各样的)和a group of (一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要求用复数形式。但是the number of (……的数目)和the variety of (……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。试比较：
A number of students are from the south. 不少学生来自南方。
There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop. 那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。
The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。
14．a quantity of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of 后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词时，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea. 在深海处抓了很多鱼。
There is a large quantity of milk. 有大量的牛奶。
15．“many a ＋单数名词”和“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则， 谓语动词用单数。
Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree. 许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。
More than one student has passed the examination. 许多学生通过了考试。 [考题印证]5
(陕西高考改编)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.
16．表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。 [考题印证]6
(湖南高考改编)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Alice, together with her friends, was (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
2．Every girl and every boy has (have) the right to join the club. 3．The football team is (be) made up of 22 players.
4．This kind of apples tastes(taste) good. Apples of this kind taste (taste) good.
5．My family is (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family are (be) all Party members.
6．The whole class are (be) now listening to the teacher attentively. 7．Either he or you are (be) interested in playing football in our class. 8．Most of his time was_spent (spend) on computer games in the past. 9．To learn one or two foreign languages is (be) very important nowadays. 10．The rich are (be) for the plan, while the poor are against it. Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Each computer and each operator have been moved to the air-conditioned house.have→has
2．A woman with two children have gone to the Great Wall.have→has 3．This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.has→have 4．The police has caught the murderer.police→policeman或has_→have 5．Mathematics are the base of all other sciences.are→is
6．The United Nations are made up of more than 160 countries.are→is 7．Two thirds of the students in our class has been to Beijing.has→have 8．To get up early are a good habit for old men.are→is
描写人物
《英语双语报》有一个栏目名为“Star Student”，请你根据下表信息，以“Yang Hongde — a Star Student”为题为该栏目写一篇短文，介绍你校品学兼优的毕业生杨弘德同学。 姓名 考入学校 家庭状况 本人情况 你的评价 杨弘德 香港中文大学 父亲死于车祸，母亲重病卧床 持家、照顾母亲、学习刻苦、成绩突出、乐于助人 …… 年龄 奖学金 19 50万港元 1.文章须包括表中信息，可以适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。 2．参考词汇：奖学金scholarship；挑起……的重担take the burden of ... 3．词数：100左右。
Yang Hongde — a Star Student
In that year's College Entrance Examination of Shandong, Yang Hongde, a senior
3 student from our school, got high marks and was admitted to Hong Kong Chinese University, with a scholarship of HK $500,000.
①But a few years ago ② when Yang, ③aged 16, just began his senior 1 school life, his father was killed in a traffic accident. His mother became seriously ill in bed because of his father's death, ④losing the basic ability to support herself.
Thus Yang had to take the burden of supporting the family and nursing his ill mother. He overcame every unthinkable difficulty that he faced (overcame one difficulty after another). ⑤Meanwhile he studied even harder and did pretty well in all his subjects. ⑥Moreover, he was always ready to help others.
⑦Yang Hongde sets us a fine example both in daily life and study. We should learn from him.
第一段：简述杨弘德取得的成绩。
第二、三段：记叙了杨弘德所经历的磨难及其勇于克服困难的毅力。 第四段：给予高度评价，发出号召。
①But 一词承接上文，笔锋一转，使其成就与苦难形成鲜明对比。
②③④⑤⑥用了从句、分词、连接词等方式呈现所有细节内容，表现出作者扎实的写作功底。
⑦用了set sb. an example这一短语。
如何描写人物
1．在描写人物时，我们可以分以下三个部分来写作：
第一部分：总体介绍人物，然后介绍人物的出生年月、地点、家庭背景或相貌等。 第二部分：
(1)列出人物的品质和个性，并以具体的事例说明其品质和个性。在选取事例时，应该选取典型事迹，抓住人物特征。
(2)列举人物的主要经历、事迹或成就。
第三部分：介绍人们对人物的评价或谈论你的个人感受。 2．在描述人物时，应注意以下几个方面： (1)人称：一般使用第三人称。
(2)时态：常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体情况要依据写作的要求来确定。描写人物的外貌、性格或兴趣等时常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生或教育背景等时常用一般过去时。
[黄金表达] 1．背景：
...was born in /into a poor/rich family in ..., when ...was young, spent one's childhood in ...
2．外貌：
beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin 3．品质和个性：
kind, determined, gentle, considerate, optimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working, responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous
4．爱好：
be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about 5．教育背景：
graduated from, got a ... degree, majored in, went abroad to further one's study, studied hard at, took an active part in class
6．经历和事迹：
devote oneself to, do sth. with great determination and perseverance, fight for, make up one's mind to do sth.，overcome many difficulties, try one's best to do sth.
7．评价：
one of the best, most important, set a good example to, ... is the pride of ..., make great contributions to, be regarded as
根据以下信息写一篇关于美国前国务卿(Secretary of State)赖斯(Rice)的短文。 1．赖斯1954年11月14日出生于美国亚拉巴马州(Alabama)。
2．她3岁开始学钢琴，4岁开始登台表演，15岁时便成为丹佛大学(University of Denver)的学生。
3．1981年，赖斯成为斯坦福大学(Stanford University)的教师。
4．2005年1月出任美国国务卿，赖斯是有史以来美国政府中职位最高的黑人妇女。 5．赖斯博学勤奋，能讲流利的俄语。她还学过9年法语，能弹一手好钢琴，喜欢看体育比赛。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Rice was born in Alabama, America on November 14, 1954. She started playing the piano at the age of three and gave her first performance at four. When she was 15, she was admitted into the University of Denver. In 1981, 26-year-old Rice worked as a teacher in the Stanford University.
In January, 2005, Rice held the position as Secretary of State, which is the highest post for a black woman in the government in American history. Rice works hard and has a wise mind. She can speak fluent Russian and has ever learned French for 9 years. Also she plays the piano quite well.
Rice likes watching sports games. She is a great woman we should learn from.
A卷 学业水平达标 (时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(Text 1)
W：I thought that your tomatoes are eighty cents a pound. M：They used to be, but the price has gone up thirty cents. 1．How much is a pound of tomato now? A．Eighty cents. B．One dollar.
C．One dollar and ten cents. (Text 2)
M：You seem to be worried. What's the matter with you, Susan? W：I lost my cellphone, and I can't find it anywhere. 2．Why is the woman worried?
A．Because she can't find her child. B．Because she lost her cellphone. C．Because she missed her bus. (Text 3)
W：I can't go with you to the theatre because I have to go to school for a test. M：That's too bad. I wish that you could come along. 3．What does the man want the woman to do? A．Go to school with him. B．Help him with his studies. C．Go to the theatre with him. (Text 4)
M：What a nice piano! How wonderful!
W：Yes, it is. My father bought it for me last week. And I like it very much. 4．Who bought the piano? A．The woman's father. B．The man's father. C．The woman. (Text 5)
W：Hello, Sam. Do you want to go shopping with us? M：I can't. My mother is making me stay at home. W：How come?
M：I failed my math exam.
5．Why does the boy have to stay at home? A．Because he has to do his homework.
B．Because he is being punished by his mother.
C．Because his mother will take him to go shopping later. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6)
W：Have you got any money on you, Tom?
M：Let me see. Yes, I have two pounds ... and here's another 50 pence. W：That's not enough. The dictionary costs five pounds fifty. M：I'm sorry. That's all I have.
W：It doesn't matter. I'll come again tomorrow. 6．How much money does the man have? A．￡2. B．￡2.50. C．￡5.50.
7．Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．In a bookstore. B．In a library. C．In a classroom.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 (Text 7)
W：What are you looking for? M：My cigarettes.
W：Well, they are not here. They are in the dustbin. M：In the dustbin? Why?
W：Because there is cigarette ash on every carpet in the house. M：I don't drop ash on the carpets.
W：Oh, yes, you do. I know because I clean them. Anyway cigarettes are a waste of money.
8．Where are the man's cigarettes? A．On the table. B．On the carpet. C．In the dustbin.
9．What does the woman think of cigarettes? A．They do harm to health. B．They are a waste of money. C．They are dirty and hard to clean. 10．Where are the speakers most probably? A．At home. B．In a hotel. C．At a party. 听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。 (Text 8)
M：Hurry up, Jane. We'll be late.
W：I am hurrying. I can't move any faster.
M：It's always the same. We can never get anywhere on time. W：Right! I'm ready, Bruce. But I can't do everything, you know. M：Well, we'd better be off. We're already late.
W：Oh, no! It's absolutely pouring. We can't go out in that. M：Come on! It's only a shower. W：A shower? I'm not going.
M：Well, you've got an umbrella, haven't you? Use that. Anyway, it's only five minutes' walk to the Britons' house.
W：It might be, but I left it in the office. M：That wasn't very clever of you, was it? W：But we could use yours, I think.
M：We can't. I left it on the bench in the People's Theatre a week ago. W：Oh, really? You are impossible!
M：Well, we can't stand here all night. We're late enough as it is. W：I'm not going out in that. M：I'd better call for a taxi. W：Yeah, you'd better, hadn't you?
11．What can we learn from the conversation? A．It is snowing heavily.
B．The speakers have enough time.
C．The Britons' house isn't far from here.
12．Where did the man leave his umbrella a week ago? A．In his office.
B．In the People's Theatre. C．In the Britons' house.
13．When does the conversation take place? A．In the early afternoon. B．In the late afternoon. C．At night.
14．What will the man do? A．Call for a taxi. B．Buy an umbrella. C．Stay at home.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
(Text 9)
W：Hello, Old English Restaurant. Can I help you? M：Yes. I'd like to book a table for tonight. W：Yes, sir. What time? M：Eight o'clock.
W：Certainly. For how many people? M：There are ten of us.
W：Ten of you! But we don't usually accept large parties, sir. M：I know, but we are regular customers. W：What's your name, sir? M：Michael Peterson.
W：Mr Peterson, of course, that'll be all right, We'll put two tables together. M：Thanks.
W：What food would you prefer for today, sir? We have fresh seafood tonight. M：No. We like to eat vegetables.
15．When will the man get to the restaurant? A．At 7：00. B．At 8：00. C．At 9：00. 16．What do we know about the restaurant? A．It is famous for seafood.
B．It usually accepts large parties. C．Regular customers have advantages there. 17．What does the woman suggest the man have? A．Fresh seafood. B．Vegetables. C．Fresh cakes.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 (Text 10)
Now let me introduce my friend Terley to you. Terley is a lovely American boy. He came to China with his parents last September. They are now living in the city of Xi'an, They live on the ninth floor of a tall building, and Terley studies at No.1 Middle School. It is about three kilometers away, Usually he goes to school by bike, but sometimes he catches the No.12 bus. The first class begins at a quarter to eight. Terley always gets up early and gets to school at about seven o'clock. He studies hard and has made quite a few friends here.
18．Where does Terley come from? A．France. B．Britain. C．America. 19．How does Terley usually go to school? A．By bike. B．By bus. C．On foot. 20．When does Terley always get to school? A．At about 6：00. B．At about 7：00. C．At about 8：00.
答案：1～5 CBCAB 6～10 BACBA 11～15 CBCAB 16～20 CACAB
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday, which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting.
Born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey's father was British and
her mother was Dutch. Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War Ⅱ， she lived and studied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. But when she returned to London after the war she realized she wasn't going to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies.
But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in 1950s that brought her true fame. In 1951, she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name and received great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24.
Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her roles, the most popular one was Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.
She was married two times and had one child with each husband. In 1989, the UN Children's Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the
world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects.
Audrey Hepburn often said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as a child during World War Ⅱ. She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid. She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了奥黛丽·赫本的生平及她在电影方面的成就和对慈善事业的贡献。
21. The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that________.
A．she wanted to be a ballerina B．her parents were from Britain C．it was safe there
D．the education there was excellent
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks.”可知，她母亲认为在荷兰是安全的。故选C。
22. We can know from the passage that ________.
A．Audrey's parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ B．Audrey went to America in the 1950s C．Audrey was made to give up dancing
D. the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role 解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in 1950s that brought her true fame.”可知，她在20世纪50年代去了美国。
23．________ is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn. A．Marriage
B．Identity
C．Contribution D．Religion
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第五段的“She was married two times”提到了她的婚姻，文章中也提到了她的身份，一开始跳舞后来成为演员，文章主要讲述了她在电影和慈善方面的巨大贡献。故选D。
24．________ is the right order for Audrey's life. ①The first time she began to play in movies. ②She returned to London from the Netherlands. ③She won an Academy Award as Best Actress.
④She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF projects. ⑤She played a part in My Fair Lady. A．②①③⑤④ B．①②③⑤④ C．②①⑤③④ D．①②⑤③④
解析：选A 时间排序题。奥黛丽·赫本出生在比利时(in 1929)，后来去了英国，二战期间在荷兰上学，上学期间她跳舞，后来她搬到美国演了第一部电影，作为最佳女演员获得奥斯卡金像奖，接着又在《窈窕淑女》里扮演角色，后来(in 1989) 又参加慈善活动。故选A。
B
In the 1940s, Lena Horne was the first African-American in Hollywood to sign a long-term contract with a major movie studio. Her deal with MGM stated that she would never play the role of a servant. During this period, African-American actors were mostly limited to playing servants or African natives.
But this refusal also limited her movie career. Horne was generally only offered the role of a nightclub singer. Her characters did not interact with white characters in these movies. This way, her part could be cut from the version of the movie that played in Southern States.
Lena Horne later wrote that the movie producers did not make her into a servant, but they did not make her into anything else, either. Lena Horne once said that World War Two helped make her a star. She was popular with both black and white servicemen. She sang on army radio programs and traveled to perform for the troops. During one event, she noted that German prisoners of war were permitted to sit closer to the stage than black soldiers. These experiences led to Lena Horne's work in the Civil Rights Movement.
She protested racial separation at the hotels where she performed. She took action so that she and her musicians would be permitted to stay in those hotels. Black musicians at the time generally stayed in black neighborhoods. Lena Horne also sang at civil rights gatherings. She took part in the March on Washington protest in 1963. It was during this event that Martin Luther King gave his “I Have a Dream” speech.
Lena Horne performed in a strong and expressive way. One expert said she was not warm and amiable like white female singers at the time. Instead, she was a fierce black woman.
语篇解读：莲纳·荷恩是一位好莱坞黑人女星，她积极为黑人争取权利，为打破种族
隔离而努力。
25．Lena Horne refused to play the role of a servant probably because she thought playing such a role ________.
A．would make her homesick B．wouldn't make her famous C．meant she wasn't treated fairly D．wouldn't help her make money
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“During this period, African-American actors were mostly limited to playing servants or African natives.”可知，当时黑人演员并没有得到公正的对待，莲纳·荷恩拒绝演仆人是因为她觉得只让黑人演员演仆人有失公正。
26．When Lena Horne saw how German prisoners and black soldiers were seated, how did she most probably feel?
A．Angry. B．Satisfied. C．Interested.
D．Moved.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“These experiences led to Lena Horne's work in the Civil Rights Movement.”可知那样的座位安排刺激了莲纳·荷恩，使得她参与到了人权运动中，故可推断她当时是很生气的。
27．Paragraph 4 mainly tells about Lena Horne's ________.
A．hope for a bright future B．effort she put into music C．effort against racial separation D．relationship with Martin Luther King
解析：选C 主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要是讲Lena Horne在争取打破种族隔离方面的努力。
28．What does the underlined word “amiable” in the last paragraph mean? A．Ugly. C．Brave.
B．Boring. D．Friendly.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据后面的“Instead, she was a fierce black woman.”可知，前面是说莲纳·荷恩在当时并不是一个让人感觉温暖和“亲切友好的”人。
C
Tips for avoiding traffic jams：
The radio has more than just music. Check the local news station for the latest
traffic report. Or go online and check traffic cameras before you set out. If there is a jam, you'll be prepared and can try another route.
Take the road less traveled. Although highways may be the most direct route, back (偏僻的) roads can be much less crowded, which can save you from the frustration of the stop-and-go traffic.
Rush hour isn't just a lovely nickname. It means the morning and afternoon traffic lasts for several hours, but they're still called “rush hour” for a reason — everyone's on the road and in a hurry to get somewhere. Treat rush hour like bad weather — if you don't have to go anywhere, stay off the roads.
Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams：
Don't break the law. You've gone 30 feet in 30 minutes and all of a sudden you see people using the shoulders (紧急停车道 ). Don't behave like them. Not only is this illegal, but also there's a good chance they'll get caught or cause even more problems.
Pay extra attention to zig-zaggers (Z字形行进者). When some people are anxious, they may start changing lanes (车道) every 5 seconds or cut you off. Keep checking your windows and mirrors for these lane changers.
Look for an escape. If it is possible to exit the road safely, do it. Use a GPS unit, and you can change your route mid-trip if needed.
Be courteous. Good manners could help you avoid a possible accident. Allow people in from a lane that is ending. Speeding up to keep them out increases your chances of an accident.
语篇解读：交通堵塞是我们生活中不可避免的一部分，我们应该如何避免交通堵塞呢？遇到交通堵塞又该如何做呢？本文给我们提供了一些建议。
29．To avoid traffic jams, we are advised to do the following EXCEPT ________. A．getting traffic news before leaving B．choosing back roads C．avoiding rush hours D．changing lanes frequently
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据Tips for avoiding traffic jams 部分可知，A、B、C三项都是作者建议我们做的，而D项“更换车道”出现在Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams部分，并且是作者反对的做法，故选D项。
30．What should we do when there are zig-zaggers? A．Keep checking the mirrors.
B．Stop and let them go first. C．Sound the horn loudly.
D．Drive quickly to keep them out.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据“Pay extra attention to zig-zaggers”一段可知，作者建议我们通过不断查看车窗和后视镜来密切关注Z字形行进的汽车。故选A项。
31．What does the underlined word “courteous” in the last paragraph mean? A．Energetic. B．Polite. C．Careful. D．Honest.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。最后一段主要讲述驾车的礼貌问题，因此判断courteous一词在这里意为“有礼貌的”。故B项正确。
32．In which part of a magazine can this passage be found? A．Entertainment. B．Life. C．Market. D．Advertisement.
解析：选B 文章出处题。交通堵塞的问题是我们生活的一部分，故最可能选自杂志的“生活”板块。
D
People have known since ancient times that aspirin (阿司匹林) reduces pain and lowers high body temperature. But that is not all the drug can do. In recent years, it has been used in other ways, too. Small amounts may help prevent a stroke or heart attack. One recent study showed that some people who took two aspirin pills a day had lower rates of colorectal cancer. And, some researchers say aspirin may help patients with colon cancer live longer. So, how did aspirin become so important? The story begins with a willow.
2,000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow. The tree contains a chemical called salicin. In the 1800s, researchers discovered how to make salicylic acid from the chemical. In 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later, it became the active substance in a medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The “a” came from acetyl. The “spir” came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the “in” ? That is a common way to end medicine names.
In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin prevents the body from making the natural substances called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins have
several effects on the body. Some cause pain and swelling (肿). Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys (肾) and blood vessels work well. So there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. It can also harm the inside of the stomach, and sometimes it can cause bleeding.
But a British study released in 2009 suggested that taking another drug with a small amount of aspirin may help reduce the risk of bleeding. If this proves true, it would help thousands of people who are seeking to prevent life-threatening conditions.
语篇解读：服用阿司匹林可以止痛，甚至降低患某些癌症的概率，但服用阿司匹林也有坏处。
33．The writer wrote this passage to ________. A．tell us the harm of aspirin B．help us know aspirin better C．explain why aspirin is useful
D．prove that aspirin is a good medicine
解析：选B 作者意图题。通读全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了有关阿司匹林的一些知识，故选B。
34．What do we learn about aspirin from Paragraph 1? A．It is not used until recent years.
B．Using it for a long time may lead to cancer.
C．It is very dangerous if it is used in the wrong way. D．It has gained important new uses in recent years.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“In recent years, it has been used in other ways, too.”可知近年来，阿司匹林有了一些别的重要用途。
35．What is waiting to be solved according to the last paragraph? A．The bleeding caused by taking aspirin.
B．How to reduce the risk of getting colorectal cancer. C．How to help patients with colon cancer live longer.
D．The problem of low body temperature caused by taking aspirin.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据末段的 “may help reduce the risk of bleeding. If this proves true”可知，服用阿司匹林导致出血的这个问题有待解决。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Two biggest wealth in life: your talent and your time. Talent increases and time decreases. Our life, in a way, is trading time with talents. Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase. __36__.
?Get to know how you use your usual time and make improvements
Take a week and write down what you do every 30 minutes every day and make it into categories. After a week's recording, you'll see which part consumes most of the time. __37__. And you could come up with a revised timetable for your next week.
?Use fragment (碎片) time and “dead time”
By time recording, you'll be amazed how much time you've wasted in waiting for the bus, queuing, walking, etc. You could really put that time to better use, __38__. Use your fragment time for insignificant matters so that you could have more time for things that really matter.
?__39__
There're always things to be done every day, and the thing we could do is to identify whether they're urgent or important. The things you need to do for the day rest only on the urgent as well as important things. Don't become slaves to urgent but unimportant things.
?Use the 20%－80% principle
At the most efficient time, 20% of time could generate 80% of efficiency and on the contrary, at the least efficient time, 80% of time could only generate 20% of efficiency. We should be doing important work at the most efficient time. That time period differs from person to person, __40__. Yet generally speaking, it's round 10 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon.
After being familiar with those tips, the next thing would be to implement and hold on to it. Do the right thing at the right time, and we shall make our time to its fullest!
A．but everyone has a peak effect time
B．Make an analysis about the ways you could improve your efficiency C．like memorizing English words or making necessary phone calls D．depending on your mentality and physical condition E．That is why we shall save every second and make it count F．Pick three things you must finish today G．Finish as many tasks as possible
语篇解读：时间是人生最大的财富之一，那么该如何充分利用时间呢？本文为我们提
供了几个充分利用时间的方法。
36.选E 根据上文的“Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase.”可知，我们不能浪费时间，应节约每一秒，让它过得有意义。故选E。
37．选B 根据上下文可知，通过记录一周的时间分配情况，找出大部分时间用于做什么，进行分析后确定如何更有效地利用时间，从而制订出合理的时间表。故选B。
38．选C 根据上文可知，应将等公交、排队等时间利用起来，C项给出了两个利用这些时间的例子。故选C。
39．选F 此处为小标题，各小标题的格式应保持一致，该空应为祈使句；根据本段内容可知，做事要分主次，不能成为紧急却不重要的事情的奴隶。故选F。
40．选D 根据上文的“That time period differs from person to person”可知，高效时间段因人而异，要看个人的身体和精神状况。故选D。
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several days ago, I went to visit a nursing home with my friends for the first time. Our __41__ was to keep the elderly company, so we made them cards and cookies, and prepared__42__ to keep them entertained such as songs and talk shows.
To be honest, I didn't know what to __43__. It was hard to imagine the difference we could make to their __44__， as we were just a group of strangers giving them a visit. But now I know we shouldn't underestimate (低估) a stranger's ability to __45__ another's life because the effects can be __46__.
I would have never known how amazing the effects of my visit to the nursing home would be __47__ I hadn't experienced it myself. After __48__ the elderly and speaking to them one-on-one, I was amazed by how much they __49__ my visit. Perhaps they felt __50__ or abandoned before, but now tears of __51__ could be seen in their eyes. Maybe all that people __52__ is to know they are cared for, even by a stranger.
Moreover, I was __53__ by the optimism (乐观) they had for their future, even at an old age. They were so active in spirit, regardless of their weak __54__. They were selfless enough to tell me to __55__ myself, even if they were the ones in wheelchairs. It taught me that happiness could __56__ even at an old age, regardless of discouraging circumstances or health that is getting __57__.
I __58__ that the rewards of volunteering are a two-way street. Volunteers can also __59__ a lot when they give their time to help others, whether a new opinion
towards life, or a warm smile.
Volunteer when you have time because it __60__ is a beauty.
语篇解读：作者去敬老院参与志愿者活动，老人们“身弱志犹坚”的快乐精神感染了他。 41．A.habit C．reward
B．dream D．task
解析：选D “keep the elderly company” 是作者他们去敬老院的“任务”。 42．A.gifts C．suggestions
B．performances D．news
解析：选B 根据“such as songs and talk shows”可知作者他们还准备了一些“表演”。
43．A.believe C．expect
B．ask D．study
解析：选C 根据“for the first time” 可知作者是第一次去，又根据“It was hard to imagine the difference we could make” 可知他不知道会发生什么，故选C。
44．A.idea C．career
B．choice
D．life
解析：选D 根据“as we were just a group of strangers giving them a visit”可知作者不知道他们能否对那些老人的“生活”有什么影响。
45．A.influence C．save
B．protect
D．recreate
解析：选A 根据后文可知作者给那些老人的生活带来了一定的影响，故可知他在这里是说不要低估陌生人“影响”他人的能力。
46．A.unknown C．great
B．wise D．familiar
解析：选C 作者说不要低估陌生人影响他人的能力，因为这种影响会很大。 47．A.though C．because
B．so D．if
解析：选D 作者去了那所敬老院，故可知这里是在假设，表示“如果”没去，就不可能知道那种影响有多大。
48．A.teaching C．guiding
B．greeting D．cleaning
解析：选B 作者他们到了敬老院后，首先应该是跟那里的老人们“打招呼”。 49．A.hated C．appreciated
B．misunderstood
D．missed
解析：选C 根据后文的描述可知，老人们很“感激”作者他们能来。 50．A.lonely C．unhealthy
B．poor D．unsafe
解析：选A 根据or可知此处应选一个与abandoned并列的词，故选A，表示感到孤独或者被遗弃了。
51．A.pain C．worry
B．sadness
D．joy
解析：选D 老人们很欣喜作者他们能来看他们，他们流下了“喜悦”的泪水。 52．A.spread C．doubt
B．need D．fear
解析：选B 根据老人们对他们这次来访的反应，作者明白了人们“需要”的是知道有人关心他们。
53．A.disappointed C．bored
B．puzzled
D．surprised
解析：选D 根据“even at an old age”可知作者对他们的乐观感到“惊讶”。 54．A.bodies C．breathes
B．desires D．activities
解析：选A 老人们都很老了，“身体”应该不会很好，故选A。 55．A.get tired of
B．take care of D．look down upon
C．get in touch with
解析：选B 虽然老人们才是行动不便的人，可他们却叮嘱作者要好好“照顾”自己。 56．A.change C．exist
B．disappear D．fail
解析：选C 这里是指人老了，快乐依旧“存在”。 57．A.larger C．greater
B．closer
D．worse
解析：选D 老人们都很老了，健康状况应该是每况愈下，故选D。 58．A.hoped C．explained
B．learned D．imagined
解析：选B 这里是指作者参加这次志愿者活动后所学到的东西。 59．A.lose
B．suffer
C．remember D．benefit
解析：选D 根据“a new opinion towards life, or a warm smile”可知志愿者通过帮助他人也可以“受益”颇多。
60．A.truly C．unluckily
B．strangely D．hardly
解析：选A 作者认为，当志愿者“确实”是件美丽的事情。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nearly all of us have dreamed about winning the big prize in a lottery (彩票). We dream about __61__ we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us.
For most of us, our way of life is __62__ (close) linked to our economic circumstances. The different parts of __63__ lives fit together like a jigsaw (拼图) — work, home, friends, hobbies, and sports make up our world. A sudden __64__ (fortunate) would change it all and break the jigsaw. For example, most people like the idea __65__ not having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no reason to get up in the morning. It seems great __66__ (move) to a bigger house in a wealthy area, __67__ if you do that, you leave old friends behind.
Usually, winners __68__ (advise) not to publicize their address and phone number, but begging letters still arrive. __69__ they are not careful, most of their money will be spent on the __70__ (protect) of their homes and swimming pools and their sanity!
答案：61.what 62.closely 63.our 64.fortune 65.of 66.to move 67.but 68.are advised
69．If 70.protection
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In the winter vacation, I paid a visit a mountain village in a suburb of Handan.
No sooner had I got off the bus when I was greatly surprising to see all the changes. It was far better than I had been expected. Now every family can drink cleanly running water. The villagers needn't carry water himself any more. Firewood is no longer used for cooking. Marsh gas, a new cheap clean energy, make it very convenient to cook and light. As all the families have color TV set, they can enjoy plays at home. It impressed me most was that the best building in a village was the school. I hope the mountain village will become better and better.
答案：第一句：visit后加to
第二句：when→than; surprising→surprised 第三句：去掉been 第四句：cleanly→clean 第五句：himself→themselves 第七句：make→makes 第八句：set→sets 第九句：It→What; a→the 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
北京师范大学著名教授于丹将受邀来你校讲学。请根据以下信息给你校英语报写一篇关于她的介绍，以便让同学们更多地了解她。
1．于丹在中央电视台的电视讲座让人们了解了博大精深的中国古代文化； 2．她的语言风趣、幽默，深受很多人的喜欢； 3．受父亲的影响，她从小就很喜欢中国文学；
4．她不仅讲课生动、有趣，而且还是一名出版了许多书的作家。 注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文：
Yu Dan, a famous professor in Beijing Normal University, has already given millions of Chinese lots of wonderful lectures on CCTV. In this special way she introduces traditional Chinese literature to make it more popular. She is so humorous that many people admire her and become her fans.
Influenced by her father, she began to enjoy Chinese literature when she was a child. Now as a teacher, not only does she have rich teaching experience to instruct all her students, but also she has published many books. She is
considered to be an excellent teacher, a great lecturer and a successful writer.
B卷 能力素养提升 (时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(Text 1)
W: What is the result of the competition, Jim?
M: Well, I only got third place. I was beaten by the other two. W: Did you feel bad about it?
M: Not really. It's better than nothing. 1．What do we learn from the conversation? A．The woman felt bad about the competition. B．The man didn't get the first place. C．The man got nothing. (Text 2)
W: Good morning. May I help you?
M: Yes. We bought this washing machine last week, but it doesn't work now. W: What's wrong with it?
M: I put my clothes into it and then poured in water. It simply doesn't wash. I want to exchange it for a new one.
2．What does the man want to do? A．Have the machine repaired. B．Get his money back. C．Exchange the machine. (Text 3)
M: Would you like anything else? W: No, thanks. That's all I need.
M: Would you like us to deliver these this afternoon?
W: Oh, yes, please. That would be lovely. 3．What has the woman just done? A．She has had a meal. B．She has bought something. C．She has had something posted. (Text 4)
W: So you are back from your trip to India. How was it? M: Oh, not bad. But the food wasn't great. W: How about the weather?
M: We had bright sunshine the whole time.
4．What was the weather like during the man's stay in India? A．Sunny. B．Cloudy. C．Rainy. (Text 5)
M: What about our dinner? Eat out or at home?
W: I prefer to go out. What about the restaurants downtown?
M: Those expensive ones? Surely, you don't want to eat at the expensive ones. W: Not much I don't. They have the best food in town. 5．What does the woman mean? A．She wants to eat downtown. B．She wants to eat at home.
C．She doesn't like the expensive restaurants. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 (Text 6)
W: Good morning, sir. Can I help you? M: Yes, I'm looking for a T-shirt. W: What color would you like? M: Red, please.
W: Here's a nice red T-shirt. Try this on. It fits you very well.
M: Oh, it's not for me. It's for my uncle. He's leaving tomorrow. I want to
buy a T-shirt for him before he leaves. But I'll take this one. How much is it?
W: It's one hundred dollars. Do you also want to buy one for yourself? I can give you a 10% discount if you buy two.
M: OK. Give me that blue one, too.
6．What color T-shirt does the man want to buy for his uncle? A．Red. B．Blue. C．White. 7．How many T-shirts will the man buy? A．4.
B．3.
C．2.
8．How much money will the man pay? A．$100. B．$180.
C．$200.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 (Text 7)
W: What do you think of the suit?
M: It's very nice. But, dear, I'm so nervous.
W: Just relax. I'm sure you will get the job. You're so talented, and you've been preparing for the job for a long time.
M: I know that, but I just can't stop trembling.
W: OK. Come and have breakfast now. I'm sure they all will like you. M: Where's Lily? Is she still in bed?
W: Yes, she doesn't have to go to school today, I'll go to the park with her this morning. You know, when you get the job, we will both be busy and we won't have much time with her.
M: Yes, you're right. But if I get the job, you won't have to work any longer. W: That's just what I'm hoping for. OK. Breakfast is ready. Just relax and have breakfast now.
9．What is the man going to do? A．Go to work. B．Have an interview. C．Prepare breakfast. 10．What does Lily do?
A．A student. B．A secretary. C．A teacher. 11．What will the woman do this morning? A．Do some housework. B．Go shopping.
C．Go to the park.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。 (Text 8)
W: Jack, what's wrong? You're not in a good mood. M: My boss told me not to go to work again. W: Why?
M: I made a huge mistake at work yesterday. I wouldn't have made the mistake if I had been more careful.
W: You're always careless. So what's your plan now? M: I must find a new job as soon as possible.
W: But I think you should learn to be more careful before you find a new job, or you'll make the same mistake again.
M: I guess you are right. So, did you have a good time last night? W: Yes. We played music and danced, but Susan didn't look very happy. M: If it was your birthday, you wouldn't be happy, either. W: Yes, you are right. No one wants to get old. 12．How is the man feeling now? A．Nervous. B．Unhappy. C．Surprised. 13．Whose birthday was yesterday? A．The man's. B．The woman's. C．Susan's.
14．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Friends.
B．Husband and wife. C．Host and guest.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。 (Text 9)
M: Look, what a fine day today!
W: Yes. I like spring very much ... the air is fresh, and flowers can be seen everywhere.
M: Yeah. Do you want to go to a picnic with me tomorrow? W: I'd like to. How about asking Jenny to go with us?
M: Oh, no. She is busy with her dancing class. You know, there is a very big
performance just a week later.
W: Yes, you're right. It's really not good for her to learn dancing. She doesn't have any time with her own parents these days.
M: But she doesn't think so. She likes dancing, and dancing is her life. Will you take your camera with you tomorrow?
W: I want to, but I lent it to Tom yesterday. Do you have one? M: No, but I'm going to buy one this afternoon. 15．What season is it now? A．Autumn. B．Spring. C．Summer.
16．What is Jenny doing? A．Attending a big performance. B．Looking after her parents. C．Learning dancing.
17．Who is going to buy a camera this afternoon? A．The man. B．Tom. C．The woman.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 (Text 10)
Are you feeling lonely at home? Got no friends to play with? Why not buy yourself a pet? Johnny's Pets has just opened a new shop near you. At Johnny's Pets, you can find a wide selection of pets. We have cats, dogs and birds of every kind. We also have more special pets for you to choose from. Why not get yourself a spider, a snake or a monkey? They'll be with you all day long. Worried about how to look after them? Don't be. We have in-house trainers who give courses on how to look after your pets in your house. The training courses are free to all customers. Not enough to convince you? We'll also throw in pet food, pet toys and other necessities for your pets. We're totally crazy at Johnny's Pets. Come now and see the amazing prices of our packages. Don't delay. Come to Johnny's Pets today.
18．According to the speaker, what kind of people should have pets? A．People who are shy. B．People who feel tired.
C．People who feel lonely.
19．How many kinds of special pets are mentioned in the talk? A．2. B．3. C．4.
20．What does the speaker try to persuade people to do? A．Buy a pet.
B．Attend the training courses. C．Buy some pet food and pet toys. 答案：1～5 BCBAA 6～10 ACBBA 11～15 CBCAB 16～20 CACBA
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In just eight months, my dog Toby had grown too big for our small apartment, so Mom sent him to Grandma's farm. To comfort me, Mom got me a cat and I decided to train this cat.
First, I named him Wilbur. Next, I decided to train him not to make our apartment dirty. In order to train him to use the litter box my mother bought as his toilet, I followed him everywhere, watching for some sign that he wanted to go outside, just like I'd done with Toby. I waited and watched. But all that cat did was sleep. Pretty soon I fell asleep, too. When I woke up, I heard some noise from the box. I looked inside and found Wilbur in it on his own.
If a cat could do that by himself easily, I figured that teaching him a few tricks would be a cinch. I set Wilbur down in front of me and said, “Sit”， pushing his back down gently, just like I'd done with Toby. However, he jumped away. This cat didn't know anything about taking orders.
Then I decided to give him a bath. I'd washed Toby every Saturday. Strangely, at the sound of the running water, Wilbur began to lick (舔) himself. Mom saw what I was doing. “Oh, honey, cats don't need baths.” She looked at Wilbur. “See？” she said. “They clean themselves.”
When Wilbur finished bathing, he made a strange noise, like a motor running, so I sat down to get a better listen. To my surprise, Wilbur moved to me, and jumped onto my legs. Toby never did that! Seeing that, Mom said, “You know, cats only do that when they really like you.”
I looked up at her, then down at the cat and said, “Let me introduce Wilbur, Mom. He is my friend now.”
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者新养了一只猫并开始训练它，最终作者和猫成为了好朋友。
21．What did the author do for the cat? A．He gave the cat a name. B．He bought the cat a box.
C．He freed the cat from the toilet. D．He helped the cat clean himself.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First, I named him Wilbur.”可知答案。 22．The underlined word “cinch” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”． A．boring thing B．simple thing C．funny thing
D．terrible thing
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据本句中的“easily”可推测，作者认为如果一只猫可以自己学会用专用的盒子上厕所的话，那么教他一些把戏也会是件“很容易的事情”。
23．What did the author feel about Wilbur before he jumped onto his legs? A．He didn't think Wilbur could be friends with Toby. B．He didn't think Wilbur would make a good pet. C．He thought Wilbur was dirty. D．He thought Wilbur was lazy.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二、三、四段内容，尤其是第二段中的“But all that cat did was sleep.”和第三段中的“This cat didn't know anything about taking orders.”可知， Wilbur并不配合作者的训练，因此作者一开始并不认为Wilbur会是一个好宠物。
24．From the text we know that Toby did all the following things EXCEPT ________. A．doing some tricks
B．taking baths every Saturday C．jumping onto the author's legs
D．giving signs when he wanted to go outside
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To my surprise, Wilbur moved to me, and jumped onto my legs. Toby never did that！”可知， Toby从来不会跳到作者腿上。
B
All kinds of sports stars are becoming spotlights of the world. I hope that it has changed some parents' idea of sports, and they have started to encourage
their children to exercise more.
Most Chinese have a wrong idea, thinking that sports are a waste of time. They think that it is useless to exercise and children should spend more time in studying, so that they can become successful professionals in the future.
Jeremy Lin's parents did not force him to work for a bank and earn huge salaries after he graduated from the Harvard University Department of Economics. If his parents were not open-minded, he would not have a chance to enter the National Basketball Association (NBA) and later sweep the world with the “Jeremy Lin craze”．
Chinese hurdler Liu Xiang graduated from the Shanghai Sports Technical Institute and the East China Normal University. He earned up to$461 million of advertising revenue (收益) after winning a gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
Of course, not everyone can become a great athlete. Sports, however, enable children to learn something that they cannot learn in classroom, which helps them enhance their psychological qualities. According to Taiwan-based magazine Common
Wealth, in addition to fitness, sports are also good for mental health. An increasing
number of studies have shown that children who love sports have better memory, as well as abilities to unite and respond.
Sports bring 10 good values, namely enthusiasm, discipline (纪律) and concentration, selflessness, respect, diversification (多元化) in points of looking at things, courage, leadership, responsibility, setback (挫折) resistance and imagination. In other words, sports can improve a child's Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ) and Adversity (逆境) Quotient (AQ)．
Therefore, the government should increase physical education classes in schools. In addition to promoting child health and solving obesity problems, it can also enhance the people's competitiveness.
语篇解读：越来越多的体育明星成为人们关注的焦点，很多家长已经改变了对体育运动的看法，他们开始鼓励孩子多运动，因为体育运动不仅能增强孩子们的体质，而且还能改善孩子们的心理素质。
25．What is the author's purpose in the passage?
A．To share his great experience of meeting sports stars. B．To call on people to know the value of sports. C．To encourage parents to take part in sports. D．To show his concern for the education.
解析：选B 写作意图题。依据第一段中的“I hope that it has changed some parents'
idea of sports, and they have started to encourage their children to exercise more.”可知，作者希望家长改变对体育运动的看法，真正了解体育运动的价值，故选项B正确。
26．Chinese parents have a wrong idea about sports ________. A．because they spare almost no time in sports
B．because they only want their children to perform well academically C．because they intend to make their children special D．because they have no choice to choose in China
解析：选B 细节理解题。依据第二段中的“They think that it is useless to exercise and children should spend more time in studying”可知，大部分中国家长想让孩子把时间用在学习上，将来成为专业人才，因此选项B正确。
27．The author takes Jeremy Lin and Liu Xiang for example ________. A．because he wants to show they both earn too much money B．because he wishes all the parents to learn from theirs C．because he hopes the parents will know sports' value D．because he stresses society pays more attention on sports
解析：选C 推理判断题。在文章第三、四段中作者用林书豪和刘翔的成功例子，是为了让家长们注重孩子的特长，看到体育的价值，不要一味地追求学术方面的成就，因此选项C正确。
28．If your kid goes in for sports ________. A．he must be a successful athlete in the future B．he will turn a brave and generous person C．he will become more mentally healthy D．he must be successful in the examination
解析：选C 细节理解题。依据第五段中的“Sports, however, enable children to learn something that they cannot learn in classroom, which helps them enhance their psychological qualities.”可知，体育运动可以使孩子学到在课堂上学不到的东西，帮助他们提高心理素质，由此可知选项C正确。
C
Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry. In the past, when more Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, uncles and aunts lived nearby, too. But when industry becomes more important than agriculture in American life, families become smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again
whenever necessary. And large families cannot be moved from place to place as easily as smaller families can. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.
In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical families may remain childless and are only made up of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move job to job.
29．________ are described in the passage. A．Families of the past
B．Families of the present and of the future C．Families of the past and of the future
D．Families of the past, the present and the future
解析：选D 细节理解题。由全文可知，文章主要讲述了随着科技和工业的发展，过去的、现在的和将来的家庭的发展模式。故选D。
30．According to the writer, one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America is that ________.
A．children tend to leave their parents and grandparents when they grow up B．people stop caring for having children
C．the need for workers who are able to move any time has been increasing D．both old and young people like to live by themselves
解析：选C 细节理解题。由文章第一段的“families become smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again whenever necessary”可知选C项。
31．________ will be in charge of raising children in the future. A．Most families B．All families C．Social workers
D．A small number of families
解析：选D 细节理解题。由文章第二段的“A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work.”可知选D项。
32．From the passage, we can conclude that ________.
A．science and industry have caused thousands of families to separate B．children do not like to live with their parents or grandparents
C．large families can hardly exist in modern society D．Americans are very careful in choosing their jobs
解析：选C 推理判断题。综合全文可知，文章通过讲述科技和工业发展对家庭模式的影响，来告诉人们在现在及将来，家庭规模将由大变小，故选C项。
D
World-famous violinist Itzhak Perlman was stricken with polio as a child. As a result, he wears braces on both legs and walks with the aid of crutches. At_concerts,_getting_on_stage_is_no_small_achievement_for_him.
He
slowly
crosses the stage until he reaches his chair. He lays his crutches on the floor, slowly undoes the clasps (扣环)on his legs, puts one foot backward and extends the other one forward. Then he bends down and picks up the violin, puts it under his chin (下巴), nods to the conductor, and starts to play.
One fall evening in 1995, while performing at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, Perlman had to deal with one additional trouble. Jack Reimer, a famous reporter with the Houston Chronicle, described the scene. “Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. You could hear the sound go off like gunfire across the room. There was no mistaking what that sound meant.”
There was no mistaking what he had to do. People who were there said, “We figured he would have to get up ... to either find another violin or find another string for this one.”
But he didn't. Instead he waited a moment, closed his eyes, and then signaled the conductor to begin again. The band and he played from where he had left off. He played with enthusiasm and power.
Of course, it is impossible to play a symphonic work with just three strings. But that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that. You could see him modulate (调音), change, recompose the piece in his head. At one point, it sounded like he was turning the strings to get new sounds they had never made before.
语篇解读：本文是人物故事，叙述了著名残疾人演奏家Perlman演出过程中发生的意外和他的应对措施。
33．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean? A．It's a piece of cake for Perlman to perform on the stage. B．It's not easy for Perlman to get on the stage. C．Perlman has achieved great success on the stage.
D．Perlman has small achievements on the stage.
解析：选B 句意理解题。这里的achievement指的就是Perlman能够做到的事情。其后的几句话展示了他上台的细节，进一步说明了一个残疾人的行动不便。这里有一些生词，但涉及内容都是与他所用的各种设施有关的，不影响理解。
34．After the string broke the audience thought that Perlman would ________. A．get angry at his performance B．give up the performance C．do something about the violin
D．continue performing with the three-string violin
解析：选C 细节理解题。观众以为他会再找一把小提琴或换根琴弦，结果并没有这样。 35．What is the best title for the passage? A．A World-famous Disabled Artist B．An Unexpected Accident C．The Performance Went on
D．A Three-string Violin and Its Owner
解析：选C 标题归纳题。文章的核心不是断弦事件本身，而是断弦后Perlman的表现。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
__36__ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club.It's great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there's never anything to do during the school holidays.
The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.__37__ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.
Next you need some friends to be in your club with you.__38__ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.
__39__ You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up.That'll keep you busy for ages.
At your first meeting you should make up a rule book.And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!
Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards.These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them.__40__ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card
really look like it.
So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you'll think of loads of more interesting things to do!
A．That's easy.
B．Enjoy your own club!
C．Invite a designer to join you. D．What are you interested in?
E．Some vacation is just around the corner. F．Then you need to pick a name for your club. G．Use a bright thick pen to make a special design. 答案：36～40 EDAFG
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We arrived at the hospital to find Dad exhausted and weak, but his smile was the same as ever. My husband and I stayed with him for the weekend but had to return to our __41__ by Monday morning.Local relatives would __42__ that Dad got home from the hospital and look in on him regularly and prepare his meals.__43__ would make sure he got his daily __44__ and take him to his doctor appointments.But I wanted to let him know that we __45__， too, even when we weren't with him.
Then I remembered a family __46__ I started when our children were small.When __47__ their grandparents' home after a visit, each child would __48__ a love note in the house for their grandfather or grandmother to find after we were gone.For several days after our __49__， their grandparents would smile as they __50__ these reminders of our love.
So as I tidied Dad's kitchen and made up a __51__ for him downstairs in the living room, I began writing notes.Some were __52__.“Dad, I froze the casserole (砂锅菜) in the fridge so it wouldn't go bad.” Some expressed my love.“Dad, I __53__ you sleep well in your new bed.”__54__ notes were downstairs where he would have to remain for weeks __55__ he regained strength, but one note I hid __56__ under his pillow.“Dad, if you have __57__ this note, you must be feeling better.We are so glad！”
While others cared for Dad's day-to-day needs, we, of course, would stay in
touch by __58__.But our notes were a reminder of our love and concern for him.Just like his medicines improved his health __59__， our notes would improve his spiritual health.Several weeks later, in one of our __60__ phone calls, I asked Dad how he was going.He said, “I'll tell you how I'm going.I just found your note under my upstairs pillow！”
41．A.power B．holiday C．jobs
D．parents
解析：选C 根据常识可知，作者周末到医院探视父亲，周一前必须返回。工作岗位可以有这种约束力。
42．A.know C．think
B．see D．report
解析：选B 这里see相当于make sure。当地的亲属要接父亲出院回家，并定时去探望，给他做饭。
43．A.We C．Others
B．They D．None
解析：选B 指代上文“local relatives”，所以用they。 44．A.treatment C．work
B．examination D．medicine
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Just like his medicines improved him”可知，亲戚们还要保证让父亲每天吃药。
45．A.cared C．changed
B．hurried D．suffered
解析：选A 根据下文作者的实际行动可知，这里作者要通过自己的方式表示关切。 46．A.story B．event C．party D．tradition
解析：选D 下一句中的would表示过去的习惯。因此这里表示作者想起了一个家庭生活的传统。
47．A.leaving C．approaching
B．reaching D．cleaning
解析：选A 根据句中的“for their grandfather or grandmother to find after we were gone”可知，作者一家在离开父母家时，她的孩子们都会藏一个爱心纸条，以便让长辈们发现。
48．A.pick C．find
B．hide
D．drop
解析：选B 参见上题解析。 49．A.appointments C．departure
B．preparation
D．arrival
解析：选C 东西是离开时藏的。departure“离开”。 50．A.thought of C．discovered
B．looked for D．understood
解析：选C 根据常识可知，父母在发现这些纸条时，会非常高兴。 51．A.bed C．table
B．meal D．plan
解析：选A 客厅本不是睡觉用的，因病人暂不能上楼，才在此搭建临时床铺。第53题句中new bed也可验证答案。
52．A.difficult C．practical
B．imaginary
D．interesting
解析：选C 应根据下句留言内容的特征来判定本题答案。即某些纸条是实用性的，是为了方便父亲的起居。
53．A.let C．guess
B．hope D．hear
解析：选B “在新床上睡得好”，这是一种表示关爱的愿望。 54．A.All C．Some
B．Most D．Few
解析：选B 此分句(Most notes ...)与下一分句“but one note ...”形成语意对照。 55．A.until C．though
B．because
D．when
解析：选A 根据常识可知，父亲在恢复体力之前，不方便上楼，只好待在楼下。 56．A.somewhere C．outside
B．nearby
D．upstairs
解析：选D downstairs与upstairs相对照，说明作者将一张纸条藏在了楼上。本句也可说明卧室原本在楼上。
57．A.found C．remembered
B．missed
D．forgotten
解析：选A 卧室在楼上，如果父亲找到卧室中的留言，就说明他有了上楼的力气。 58．A.note-writing C．post
B．e-mail
D．phone
解析：选D 根据下文中的phone calls，可知作者和父亲是通过电话保持联系的。
59．A.thankfully C．physically
B．academically D．professionally
解析：选C 药物促进了身体康复，留言改善了精神状态。 60．A.urgent C．unexpected
B．regular D．accidental
解析：选B 作者和父亲定期通话，这也符合前面所说的stay in touch。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The question was once asked of a __61__ (high) successful businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I had dreams. Then I went to bed __62__ thought about my dreams. In the night I dreamt about my dreams. And when I __63__ (awake) in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams come true.”
“While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that, and it is __64__ (possible)．’ Actually, I was well on my way to __65__ (achieve) what I wanted. As Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President __66__ the US, said：‘We grow great by dreams.’”
All big men are __67__ (dreamer). Some of us let these dreams die, but __68__ nourish and protect them; nourish them through bad days __69__ they bring them to the sunshine and light which come always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they __70__ (be) too impossible. Sing your songs and dream your dreams; hope your hope and pray your prayer.
语篇解读：梦想有可能成就伟大。心中有梦想，一切皆有可能。
61．highly high作副词指具体的高，此处应用指抽象的高的副词highly修饰其后的形容词successful。
62．and 分析句子结构可知此处为顺承关系，故应用and连接两个并列的动词短语。 63．awoke 本段的谓语动词均使用了一般过去时，故此处需要用相对应的一般过去时。 64．impossible 此处是说你不能那样做，那是不可能的，故此处用impossible。 65．achieving on one's way to这一固定搭配中的to为介词，其后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
66．of 此处表示就像美国第28届总统伍德罗·威尔逊所说，“梦想成就伟大”。用介词of表示所属关系。
67．dreamers 主语men和谓语are均暗示出其表语为名词复数dreamers。 68．others 此处为固定结构some ... others ...“一些人……其他人……”。 69．until/till until/till引导时间状语从句。
70．are 本句表示客观事实，故此处应用一般现在时，they暗示出其谓语动词用are。 第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I first learned to write English, I ran into many difficulties.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me.
答案：第一句：write后加in
第二句：去掉第一个in; anything→everything 第三句：my→a 第四句：去掉should
第五句：talk→talking; me→myself 第六句：showed 后加it 第七句：reads→read 第九句：word→words 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
假设某英文网站正在征集读者最崇拜的杰出女性，请你根据以下提示信息介绍20世纪杰出的女性之一——海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)。内容要点如下：
1．海伦·凯勒(1880－1968)在19个月大时，因疾病导致双目失明，双耳失聪，从此她便生活在无光、无声的世界里。
2．7岁时，她的父母给她找了一位老师——Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及老师的技巧和耐心，她们克服困难，取得了成功。
3．海伦完成了大学教育，取得了英语文学学位；此后她致力于帮助盲聋儿童的工作。 注意：1.必须包括以上所有内容要点，但不能逐条翻译； 2．可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯； 3．词数100左右。
参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence 技巧和耐心skill and patience
英语文学学位a degree in English literature
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________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文：
Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. She was born in 1880 and died in 1968. When she was 19 months old, she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness. From then on she lived in darkness and silence.
When she was seven, her parents found a teacher, Miss Sullivan, for her. Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen. With Helen's strong will and intelligence, combined with Miss Sullivan's skill and patience, they overcame all
the difficulties. Helen became a capable student and finally she received a university degree in English literature. Later on she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children.
Section_ⅠWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Pre-reading
1．A large number of people die of hunger in the world, especially in Africa, so agriculture plays an important role in our lives.Who do you think has made great contributions to growing rice that has a high output?
2．Why was Yuan Longping awarded the State Supreme Science and Technology Award? Please read the following passage to get the answer.
Yuan Longping, Father of Hybrid Rice, has a dream that he cultivates rice as plump (饱满的) as peanuts, and farmers can relax in the cool shadow of big rice plants.
Yuan won a 5-million-yuan State Supreme Science and Technology Award, known as the Nobel Prize in China, when he was 71 years old, for his outstanding
achievements in breeding high-yield hybrid rice, which has greatly increased China's grain output. A minor planet was named after him in 1999.
Yuan came up with the idea of hybridizing rice for the first time in the 1960s. Since then, 50 percent of China's total rice cultivation fields have grown such rice, which added some 300 billion kilograms to the country's grain output. Yuan Longping in his 80s has devoted most of his life to growing rice.
He hopes to popularize the hybrid rice around the world to remove starvation from the earth. In 1980, Yuan went to the United States to share his knowledge about the cultivation technology of hybrid rice. He has done a lot to bring his research methods to other countries.
Warming Up 1．The title of this unit is “Working the land”. Have you worked the land? Discuss in pairs and put the farming steps in order.
A→E→F→D→B→C
2．Does your hometown grow rice? Do you like to eat rice? Who do you know is Father of Hybrid Rice?
Yes.Yuan_Longping.
Fast Reading Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage. (1)Why does Yuan Longping work the land? A．Because he was born into a farmer's family. B．Because he needs to do his research on farming. C．Because he is interested in farming. D．Because he has a slim and strong body.
(2)If Yuan Longping works with other farmers in the field, it is hard to tell him from others because ________.
A．he regards himself as a farmer B．he is really like other farmers
C．he wears simple clothes like other farmers D．people don't know who Yuan Longping is (3)From the text, we can know that ________.
A．Yuan Longping found a way to increase rich harvests by expanding the area of fields
B．Yuan Longping is satisfied with his life because he is famous and rich C．in the 1950s, many parts of the countryside were short of food
D．Yuan Longping's way of increasing rice harvests only works in some Asian countries
(4)What is Yuan Longping's attitude towards money? A．Too much money will cause a lot of troubles. B．Money is of no use to a scientist. C．Money is not important at all.
D．One has to spend all his money on his own research. (5)The whole passage mainly talks about________. A．how to solve the world's hunger problem B．how to increase rice harvests
C．Yuan Longping's achievements in farming D．Yuan Longping's daily life 答案：(1)～(5) BBCAC
Careful Reading 1．Read the passage carefully and then answer the following questions.
(1)What does Dr Yuan look like?
He_has_a_sunburnt_face_and_arms_and_a_slim,_strong_body.He_is_more_like_a_farmer_than_a_scientist.
(2)What is his achievement?
He_grows_what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice,_which_makes_it_possible_to_prod
uce_20%_more_of_the_crop_in_the_same_fields.
2．Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea. (1)Paragraph 1 (D) A．Yuan Longping's brief life experiences. (2)Paragraph 2 (A)
B．Yuan Longping's dreams.
(3)Paragraph 3 (C) C．Yuan Longping's attitudes toward life. (4)Paragraph 4 (B) achievements in the improvements on rice production.
3．Read the passage carefully and then try to write down the main idea. The text is about Yuan_Longping who has made a great contribution to producing better rice.
Summary D．Yuan Longping's
Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. Yuan Longping was a pioneer of agriculture in China. He graduated 1.from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then he devoted his life to 2.finding (find) ways to grow more rice. The rice 3.farmers (farm) are now producing harvest twice as large as before 4.by using his kind of rice. But he was not 5.satisfied (satisfy) with his work. Although now he leads a rich life, he still keeps 6.on doing his work to develop his rice. I think his work is really important to the world. Because of his hard work, the production of food 7.has_been_improved (improve) and the problem of 8.hunger (hungry)
can be solved. 9.Thanks to Yuan Longping's great work, millions of people can benefit 10.from his extraordinary work.
Discussion What do you think would happen if there was suddenly no rice to eat tomorrow? If_that_happened,_people_there_would_suffer_from_starvation._People_would_panic_(惊慌)_and_the_whole_country_would_get_into_trouble.
Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points
(一)词义配对
1．struggle A．to become greater in size, number or importance 2．therefore
B．a long hard fight to get freedom，
political rights etc.; a fight between two people for something, especially something one of them is holding
3．decade C．as a result of something that has just been mentioned 4．expand 答案：1～4 BCDA
(二)根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词
5．hunger n．饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿；渴求；渴望得到→hungry adj.饥饿的 6．disturbing adj.(事物等)引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb vt.打扰；打乱 7．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备 8．export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.输入；进口 9．occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领；占用
1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那消瘦而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
(鲜活例句) They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties. 他们必须和各种各样的困难作斗争。
(鲜活例句) At all events we will carry the struggle through to the end. 无论如何我们要拼搏到底。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
struggle against/with sb./sth. 同……作斗争；与……抗争 struggle for sth. 为……而斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事 struggle to one's feet D．a period of ten years
挣扎着站起来 ①He has been struggling for success in his business. ＝ He has been struggling to succeed in his business. 为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
②The young man struggled_to_his_feet to fight against the robber. 那位年轻人努力挣扎着站起来同抢劫犯作斗争。
2．hunger n. [U]饥饿；欲望vt. &vi. 渴求；渴望得到；(使)饥饿 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的令人焦虑的问题。
(鲜活例句) His hunger for knowledge drove him to the library. 他对知识的强烈渴望驱使他去图书馆。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)have a hunger for 渴望 die of hunger 死于饥饿 (2)hunger for/after 渴望得到…… (3)hungry adj. 饥饿的 go hungry 挨饿 ①The children have a strong hunger for knowledge. 孩子们有强烈的求知欲。
②These students hunger after/for new knowledge and ideas. 这些学生渴望学到新知识，获得新思想。
③If crops are destroyed, thousands of people may go_hungry. 如果庄稼被毁了，成千上万的人可能要挨饿。
3．disturbing adj.(事物等)引起烦恼的；令人不安的 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) This disturbing news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well. 这条令人不安的消息让我非常担心，以至于不能安然入睡。
(鲜活例句) The news that I failed this time is quite disturbing. 我这次失败的消息让人十分烦恼。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
disturbed adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的 disturb vt. 扰乱；使不安；弄乱 disturb the peace 扰乱治安 He felt disturbed when he heard his mother was ill. 当他听说母亲病了的时候，感到心神不安。 [语境串记]
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is to say, the news disturbed all of them.
他们都被这个令人不安的消息弄得深感不安，也就是说，这个消息使他们都感到不安。 4．expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
袁隆平在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收的途径。
(鲜活例句) The information industries are rapidly expanding in China. 中国的信息产业正迅速发展。
(鲜活例句) He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
expand ... into ... 把……扩展/发展成…… expand into ... 发展成/扩大成…… expand on sth. 细说(阐述)…… ①His studio was expanded into a big company. 他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 ②Could you expand_on this point, please? 请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ 5．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
(教材原句) He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
①Therefore, it is our wish that these people could be happy and enjoy high welfare standards.
因此，我们希望这些人会幸福，享受高标准的福利待遇。
②Everything works out well, and therefore we are sure that the experiment will be completed on time.
一切进行得很顺利。因此，我们确信实验能按时完成。
③She was caught cheating in the exam, and_therefore she was punished by her teacher.
她考试作弊受到了老师的惩罚。 6．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) Your training will equip you for your future job. 你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。
(鲜活例句) The army in our country is large and well equipped. 我们国家的军队人数多且装备优良。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)equip ...for ... 给某人/物配备……； 使有能力做…… equip sb./sth.with 用……装备起来；使装 (具)备 (2)be equipped for 准备好；对……有准备 be equipped with 装(配)备；安装 be fully/specially/poorly/well equipped 装备齐全/独特/简陋/完好 ①Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 考试时请准备一支削尖的铅笔和一块橡皮。
②Every classroom in this modern school is_equipped_with a new computer. 这所现代化学校的每个教室里都配备了一台新电脑。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These workers struggled for better working conditions.
2．These workers are fighting for a high pay and their freedom (free). 3．The headmaster said that their laboratory was well equipped (equip)． 4．The disturbing (disturb) news made us sad. 5．What nationality (nation) is our foreign teacher?
6．The girl decides to choose the occupation (occupy) of a secretary. 7．My grandpa died of hunger (hungry) in the old days.
8．Much to his satisfaction (satisfy), his boss accepted his request. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．In Africa, many people die_of_hunger (死于饥饿) every year.
2．It is a_disturbing_problem (令人烦恼的问题) that he often makes the same mistakes.
3．Our foreign trade has_greatly_expanded (有很大的发展) in recent years. 4．He struggled_with/against_illnesses (与疾病斗争) for two years. Now he is in good health.
5．He hurt his leg, and_therefore (因此) he couldn't play in the game. 6．The course is designed to_equip_students_for (使学生有能力) a career in nursing.
1．struggle for 为……而斗争(努力) 2．graduate from 毕业于 3．search for 寻找
4．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 5．rid ...of 使……摆脱或除去 6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意 7．care about 在乎；在意 8．rather than 而不是 9．dream about 梦想；梦寐以求 10．with the hope of (doing) sth. 怀着(做)某事的希望
1．thanks to幸亏；由于；因为 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。 (鲜活例句) Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助我们成功了。
(鲜活例句) Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected. 由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
because of 因为；由于 as a result of 作为……的结果；由于 due to 因为；由于 owing to 由于；因为……的缘故 ①As a result of the bad weather, the football match was put off. 由于天气不好，足球赛被推迟。
②The accident was due to his careless driving. 事故是由于他的粗心驾驶造成的。
③Owing to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time. 由于你及时的帮助，我们提前完成了工作。 2．rid ...of 使……摆脱或除去 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) You are supposed to rid yourself of carelessness, for it often leads to trouble.
你应该克服粗心，因为它常常引起麻烦。
(鲜活例句) Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime. 将采取进一步的措施来防止街头犯罪。
[点津] rid的过去式和过去分词是rid，rid。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
rid oneself of sb./sth. 从……中解脱 rid sb./some place of sth. 清除某人/某地的某物 be/get rid of sb./sth. 摆脱/除去某人/某物 ①It's not easy to rid oneself of a habit. 要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
②It's easy to get into the bad habit of smoking but hard to_get_rid_of it. 染上吸烟的恶习很容易，但要戒掉却很困难。 3．be satisfied with对……感到满意 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life. 袁隆平很满意他的生活。
(鲜活例句) Rich as she is, she isn't satisfied with her life. 尽管她很富有，但她对自己的生活并不满意。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1) be content/pleased with ＝ be satisfied with 对……感到满意 be satisfied to do ... 对做……感到满意 (2)satisfaction n. 满意；满足 to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 (3) satisfy v. 使满足；使满意 satisfy one's needs/demands 满足某人的需求 (4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的 ①To her satisfaction, they dealt with the matter soon. 令她满意的是，他们很快就处理了此事。
②Nothing satisfies him — he's always complaining. 什么都难如他的意——他总在抱怨。
③Her father tried his best to_satisfy_her_demands. 她的父亲想尽一切办法来满足她的要求。
④They're satisfied with the satisfying performance. 他们对这场令人满意的演出感到满意。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Grandpa, when did Dad graduate from Michigan?
2．You'd better rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking, or it will do great harm to your health.
3．The teacher was very satisfied with my answer and praised me for that. 4．Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved.
5．It was the driver rather than my father that was to blame for the terrible accident.
Ⅱ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．His explanation satisfied everyone present at the meeting.
→Everyone present at the meeting was satisfied with his explanation. 2．It is not easy for him to get rid of the bad habit. →It is hard for him to rid himself of the bad habit. 3．We wouldn't have finished the work without your help. →Thanks to your help, we finished the work.
4．Because of the traffic jam he was late for class this morning.
→He was late for class this morning as a result of the traffic jam.
1．[句型展示] If_so,_what did you do to grow them? If_not,_what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？ [典例背诵] You may have some difficulty at first. If so, please ring us. 开始你可能有些困难。如果是这样，请给我们打电话。
2．[句型展示] Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice. 袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
[典例背诵] After a hard time, they came to what is called America today. 经过了一段艰难的时间以后，他们来到了现在被称为美洲的地方。
3．[句型展示] This special strain of rice makes_it possible to_produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
[典例背诵] The fine weather makes it possible for us to go for an outing next week.
好天气使我们下周的出游成为可能。
4．[句型展示] Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
[典例背诵] The building being built is three times as tall as/the height of the old one.
正在建造的大楼的高度是旧楼的三倍。
5．[句型展示] He would_much_rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
[典例背诵] I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
1．If_so,_what did you do to grow them? If_not,_what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？ (1)if so 为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”， if 用作连词， so 用来代替上文
内容，以避免重复。if not 为 if so 的否定形式。
①Will you get a free evening next week? If so, let's have a dinner. 下周你会有一个晚上有空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。 ②Is everybody feeling cold? If not, let's open the window. 大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。 (2)其他类似的省略结构： if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话
③If_necessary,_you can turn to me for help. 必要的话，你可以向我求助。
④Please try to find out the differences between the two words. If_any,_speak it out.
试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。 2．Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice. 袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
what is called super hybrid rice为连接代词what引导的名词性从句，作grows的宾语，也可称为“what-clause”。what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
①We now live in what is called (＝ an age that/which is called) the Information Age.
我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
②What we can't get seems better than what we already have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
③China is no longer what_she_used_to_be ten years ago. 中国不再是十年前的样子。
3．This special strain of rice makes_it possible to_produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
make it ...to do意为“使做(某事)成为……”，it是形式宾语，possible是宾语补足语，to do是真正的宾语。常用这种结构的动词还有find, feel, think, consider等。
①The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country.
她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。
②Wherever he is, he makes_it_a_rule to do running for an hour every day. 他无论在哪里，都把每天跑步一小时当作规定去执行。
③She feels it her duty to take good care of her sick mother. 她认为好好照顾她生病的母亲是她的责任。
④He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。
4．Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
本句运用了倍数表达法。当我们要表达甲是乙的几倍时，通常用下面三个句型来表示。 (1)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。 ①Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
(2)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。
②This hall is five_times_bigger_than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。
③This hill is four times the height of that small one. ＝ This hill is four times as high as that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This building is five times as high as that one.
2．He is hard-working; he would rather spend (spend) more time on his work than have (have) a walk with his wife in the street.
3．He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
4．I may be free this evening. If so, I'll come round and see you. 5．That is what he is worried about. Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．这座新桥比旧桥长两倍。
①The_new_bridge_is_two_times_longer_than_the_old_one.
②The_new_bridge_is_three_times_the_length_of_the_old_one. ③The_new_bridge_is_three_times_as_long_as_the_old_one. 2．我宁可考试不及格，也不愿意作弊。
I_would_rather_fail_than_cheat_in_the_examination. 3．问题是他接下来想干什么。
The_question_is_what_he_wants_to_do_next. 4．你累了吗？如果这样的话，请坐。 Are_you_tired?_If_so,_please_sit_down. 5．我把保护环境当成自己的责任。
I_make_it_my_duty_to_protect_the_environment.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The soldier was badly wounded but struggled to his feet at last. 2．Our society has expanded into a worldwide organization.
3．Thanks to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time. 4．They tried various ways to rid the house of mice.
5．One shouldn't be satisfied (satisfy) with only a little success. 6．Our school offers good equipment (equip) and your training here will equip you for your future job.
7．I don't feel it difficult to understand the Special English. 8．Believe it or not. This is what is called Tibet. Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子
1．下周日晚上你有空吗？如果有的话，让我们开个派对吧。(if省略句) Are you free next Sunday evening？If_so,_let's have a party.
2．一个现代化的城市在十年前是个荒地的地方建起来了。(what引导的名词性从句) A modern city has been set up in what_was_a_wasteland ten years ago. 3．我发现学会一门外语并不难。(it作形式宾语)
I find_it_not_difficult to learn a foreign language. 4．这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。(倍数＋原级比较) This room is twice_as_big_as that one. Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Orren Fox fell in love with chickens at nine. It was really almost by accident — Orren played in a friend's house whose family had chickens, and he became
interested in the animals immediately. Later, he started volunteering every Saturday at a local farm. Within a few months the farm-owner suggested that Orren get a few chicks of his own.
“I don't know what it was, but something caught my interest，” says Orren. Today Orren has 23 chickens, four ducks, and 250,000 bees. His happy chickens lay a lot of healthy eggs, which he sells all the year round. He became a vegetarian (素食者) after he learned about the cruelty and negative (消极的) environmental effects of factory farms. In his diary he writes about raising happy chickens and bees, food and healthy eating, farming, and generally making the world a better place. “Farming affects our earth more than anything else，” says Orren. “It's something you have to do correctly, or it will ruin our planet. It's often ignored, but for me, learning about where my food comes from has been really interesting.”
In fall 2009, Orren started a farm club at his school. “I wanted to get people to learn more about farming and what fun it is，” he says.
Orren's passion (热情) for farming and other types of animals continues to grow. He went to the Essex Country Bee School in early 2010 to learn about beekeeping. Orren now has three beehives (蜂箱) of happy bees. In the summer of 2011, Orren started to sell his honey, BeeHappy, to local stores. Next, he wants to raise sheep and goats. “I know a lot more about the environment and how farming affects it, but I still have a lot to learn，” says Orren. “I want to keep doing all of this as I get older.”
语篇解读：Orren在九岁那年对朋友家的一群鸡产生兴趣，后来自己开始饲养动物，从饲养这些小动物中，他了解到农业对环境保护的重要性。
1．Orren became interested in chickens when ________. A．he saw chickens lay eggs
B．he raised some chickens by himself C．he got some chickens from a farm owner D．he visited a friend who had chickens
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知D项正确。
2．Orren started a farm club at his school in order to ________. A．collect money for his farm club B．employ people to raise animals for him C．attract people to buy his products D．help people learn more about farming
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段Orren说的“I wanted to get people to learn more about farming and what fun it is”可知D项正确。
3．What can we learn about Orren from the text? A．He has raised sheep and goats. B．He sells not only eggs but chickens. C．He is concerned about the environment.
D．He became a vegetarian under the influence of his friend.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“he learned about the cruelty and negative environmental effects”及最后一段的“I know a lot more about the environment and how farming affects it”可知Orren关注环境。
4．What is the best title of this passage? A．A rich farm-owner B．A great chicken keeper
C．It all began with the chickens
D．Raising chickens pollutes the environment
解析：选C 文章标题题。本文主要介绍了Orren九岁时对朋友家的鸡产生兴趣后，开始饲养动物，慢慢体会到农业在环境保护中所扮演的重要角色，故C项最合适。
B
In China, many people are leaving the countryside to find jobs in the cities, because the countryside is much poorer than the city, and often there isn't much work there.Services such as hospitals and transport are usually much better in the city than in the countryside.They hope that their lives will improve when they move to the city.
But in the big cities of Europe like London or Paris, people are moving out of the city.These rich families want to live a quieter life.They are tired of the noise and the dirt of the city, and they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses.They don't want to live in the cities any more.They want a house with a garden in the countryside, and breathe the fresh air there.
So they move out of the cities.Some don't go very far, just to the towns near the cities.Other people move to the real countryside with sheep, cows and green fields.There, they start new lives and try to make new friends.
Not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy.After two
or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake.They don't make so much money and there isn't much work to do.People in the countryside are very different and aren't always very friendly.
As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city.“It's_wonderful_to_see_crowds_in_the_streets_and_cinema_lights，” they say.
语篇解读：久居农村，城市是一道风景；久居城市，农村又是另一道风景。本文重点介绍了农村和城市的优缺点。
5．Which is NOT the reason for people moving to the cities in China? A．The countryside is much poorer than the city. B．People in the countryside have nothing to eat.
C．People in the countryside don't have much work to do there.
D．Services in cities are usually much better than those in the countryside. 解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because the countryside is much poorer than the city, and often there isn't much work there. Services such as hospitals and transport are usually much better in the city than in the countryside”可知乡村比城市贫穷，而且工作机会少，像医疗和交通运输等服务比城市差，故B项符合题意。
6．After moving to the countryside, some people in Europe feel unhappy because________.
A．they can't make much money
B．there isn't much work for them to do in the countryside
C．some people in the countryside aren't always very friendly to them D．A, B and C
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They don't make so much money and there isn't much work to do. People in the countryside are very different and aren't always very friendly”可知，他们赚钱不多，工作机会不多，而且乡村的人不总是非常友好。故D项正确。
7．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph shows ________. A．they are happy to move back to the city B．they miss their friends in the countryside C．they still want to move to the countryside
D．they are tired of the noise and the crowded streets in the city 解析：选A 细节理解题。他们认为看到街上的人群和影院的灯感觉非常美妙。再结合最后一段的叙述可知A项正确。
8．What is the best title of this passage? A．A happy life! B．Living in the city! C．Moving out or moving back? D．Living in the countryside!
解析：选C 主旨大意题。文章是围绕不同的人对在城市和农村居住的不同感受来展开的，故C项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Meg: Professor Hopkins, may I have __1__ word with you? Hopkins: Sure, Meg. What's up?
Meg: I __2__ (get) a C for my report. You __3__ have made it wrong. You know I have put much time and energy to the report.
Hopkins：Well, Meg. I'm afraid you didn't meet the __4__. The due day is September 3rd. You had the report __5__ (hand) in two days later.
Meg：Yes, Professor. I am sorry __6__ (learn) about that.
Hopkins：And this report is about the success of the Starbucks Coffee. In your report, you have mentioned the company's management, selections of stores and service. But I am __7__ (surprise) that you didn't mention anything about its coffee. It's a coffee shop, Meg. Isn't the taste of its coffee the most important thing to __8__ (it) success?
Meg：Yeah, I guess I left it out.
Hopkins：And figures are important, too. You also need __9__ (add) an actual figure such as the monthly sales.
Meg：You are quite right, Professor.
Hopkins：And you'd better write the report again by doing __10__ (much) research and looking for figures.
Meg：Are you giving me another chance, Professor? Hopkins：Seems like I am.
答案：1.a 2.got 3.must 4.deadline 5.handed 6．to learn 7.surprised 8.its 9.to add 10．more
Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language
1．Scan the passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage. (1)From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________. A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers B．grow crops with natural fertilizers C．produce organic fertilizers D．care for the environment
(2)From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________. A．it's not good to plant grass between crops B．peanuts use the surface of soil
C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil (3)________ so that the soil may not get exhausted. A．Farmers grow the same crops year after year B．Farmers use natural fertilizers C．Farmers change crops every few years D．Farmers use chemical fertilizers
(4)How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?
A．3. C．5.
答案：(1)～(4) BBCB
2．Read the text and then answer the following questions. (1)What is organic farming?
Farming_without_using_any_chemicals.
(2)What is the goal of using organic farming methods?
To_grow_good_food_and_avoid_damaging_the_environment_or_people's_health. 3．Read the text and find out the main idea of each paragraph. (1)Paragraph 1(C) A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers. (2)Paragraph 2(A) farming.
B．Farmers and customers turn to organic B．4. D．6.
(3)Paragraph 3(B) C．Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people's health. (4)Paragraph 4(D)
根据所给词性和汉语意思写出下列单词 1．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔 2．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 3．reduce vt. 减少；减缩；减弱 4．skim vt. 浏览；略读
5．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论
6．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑不解的→confused adj.迷惑的；为难的→confusion n．混淆；困惑
7．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现→discoverer n．发现者 8．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结；概括
1．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。
(鲜活例句) Will you please not confuse me with any matters? 请你别拿一些事情来难为我好吗？ ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 (2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的 be confused about ... 对……感到困惑 (3)confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的 ①I confused her with her sister because they are so alike. 我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因为她们长得太像了。
②They asked me so many confusing questions that I got confused.
D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.
他们问了我如此多的令人迷惑的问题以至于我都迷惑了。 2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句) If you don't study hard now, you will regret it in the future. 如果现在你不好好学习，将来你会后悔的。
(鲜活例句) Much to our regret, we couldn't attend your wedding. 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们没能参加你们的婚礼。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
??having done sth.(1)regret??doing sth.? 后悔做了某事 (2)regret to do ... 遗憾地做……(后常用动词say, tell, inform等) (3)to one's regret 令某人感到遗憾的是 with regret 遗憾地 express regret at/about/for对……表示遗憾 ①We've always regretted selling/having sold the farm. 我们一直后悔卖了那个农场。
②I regret to tell you that you have failed again in the examination. 我很遗憾地告诉你，这次考试你又没考及格。
③He told me with_regret that he could not come to the party. 他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。 3．focus n．焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
(鲜活例句) It was the main focus of attention at the meeting. 这是会议上关注的主要焦点。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)focus on 集中精力做…… focus/fix one's attention on sth. 把注意力集中到…… (2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点 ①Please focus on your studies and not on your hobbies. 请把你的精力放到学习上，而不是放到业余爱好上。
②They focused_all_their_attention_on finding a solution to the problem. 他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。 4．reduce vt.减少；减缩；减弱 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
肥沃的土壤减少了病害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
(鲜活例句) They've reduced the prices in the shop, so it's good time to buy. 商店已经降低了(商品的)价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。 ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)reduce to ... 减少到；降低到 reduce by ... 减少了；降低了 ?to ... 增加到……?(2)rise/increase???by ... 增加了…… bring down 减少；缩减 cut down 减少；砍倒 ①It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour. 由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。
②If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent. 你如果买10个以上，他们就会把价格降低10%。 ③The population has increased by 15 percent. 人口增长了15%。
5．comment n．评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 ★背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments. 和你的搭档交换总结并互作评论。
(鲜活例句) —Do you have any comment to make about the cause of the accident? —No comment!
——您对这起事故发生的原因有何评论？ ——无可奉告！ ★归纳拓展全析考点
(1)No comment！ 无可奉告！ make a comment about/on ... 对……加以评论
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