It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 7. 与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。 What a heavy rain! A Sprite/sprait/, please. What a good supper! He bought a Toyota.
Please give me a black coffee!
零冠词（ZERO ARTICLE)
零冠词(Zero articles )即是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a、an )、定冠词( the )，也没有其他限定词的现象.
不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词，如：
?Books are my best friends． 书是我的好朋友。 ?Water boils at 100℃．水在摄氏100度沸腾。
比较：
?The water in this river is undrinkable．这条河的水不可饮用。
? Water boils at 100℃．水在摄氏100度沸腾。
1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前 China , America, John, Air is a matter.
Failure is the mother of success.
2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时 This book is mine.
3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前
spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day in the spring of that year,
I met him on a Monday last month.
4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时 What?s this, Mother? He was made monitor.
George W. Bush is president of the USA. 5. 学科名词，球类、棋类名词前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess. 6. 泛指复数名词前
Computers are widely used in our daily life. They are workers.
7. 在与by连用的交通工具名称前 by car( bus, train, water, air, land) 8. 某些固定词组中 (1). 名词词组
husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork (2). 介词词组
to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from work in front of / in the front of
at table / at the table
out of question / out of the question in charge of / in the charge of
in possession of / in the possession of by sea / by the sea
9. as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。 Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.
10. 系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。 The young girl has turned writer.
= The young girl has become a writer.
11. 在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake
12. 形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。 Oh, it?s most beautiful.
(a most beautiful picture= a very beautiful picture)
③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。 The market in the country is busiest in winter.
②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。 She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.
④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。 A wolf in a sheep?s skin is our most dangerous enemy. ⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。
…why you took a second arrow
注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。
He is a top student in our class, for he often gets a first in maths.
Ex 1. Fill in the blanks with “a” or “an”
Telling lies is __ fault in __ boy, ___ art in ___ lover, ___ accomplishment in ___ bachelor, and second-nature in ___ married man.
Keys:
Telling lies is a fault in a boy, an art in a lover, an accomplishment in a bachelor, and second-nature in a married man.
说谎，是男孩的错误，情人的艺术，单身男人的技能，已婚男人的第二天性。
Fill in the blanks with proper articles:
1. I live in Rome, not ___Rome, but __ little village in Wales.
2. He said his name was Yao Ming. I knew he wasn?t ___ Yao Ming, but he was ___ good basketball player anyway.
3. Yesterday I saw __ dog and __cat. __ dog was chasing __ cat. __ cat wqas chasing __ mouse. __ mouse run into __ hole, but __ hole was very small. __ cat couldn?t get into __ hole, so it ran up __ tree. __ dog tried to climb __ tree too, but it couldn?t.
Keys:
1. I live in Rome, not the Rome, but a little village in Wales.
2. He said his name was Yao Ming. I knew he wasn?t the Yao Ming, but he was a good basketball player anyway.
3. Yesterday I saw a dog and a cat. The dog was chasing the cat. The cat was chasing a mouse. The mouse run into a hole, but the hole was very small. The cat couldn?t get into the hole, so it ran up a tree. The dog tried to climb the tree too, but it couldn?t.
名词 及名词的分类
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点以及抽象事物的名称。
?人：John, sister, father；
?事物：water, air, sun, computer； ?地点：London, theater；
?抽象事物：love, happiness, imagination, hope
Example 1:
Teacher: A noun is the name of a person or thing. Now who can give me a noun? First Boy: A cow.
Teacher: Very good. Another noun? Second Boy: Another cow.
Example 2:
Teacher: What?s an abstract noun, Jane? Jane: I don?t know, madam.
Teacher: What, you don?t know! Well, it?s the name of a thing that you can think but cannot touch.
Now, give me an example.
Jane: A red-hot poker, madam.
名词的分类 Types of Nouns
?专有名词（Proper Noun）& 普通名词（Common Noun） ?可数名词(Countable Noun) & 不可数名词(Uncountable Noun) ?简单名词(Simple Noun) & 复合名词(Compound Noun)
Proper Noun & Common Noun
专有名词: the United Nations; Barack Obama; 普通名词:
个体名词；student, tree, hospital, piano 集体名词；team, committee, police, family 物质名词；paper, water, cotton, air
抽象名词: birth, happiness, management, hope
?Countable Noun (C) & Uncountable Noun(U) 个体名词和集体名词通常为可数名词； 物质名词和抽象名词通常不可数
可数与不可数的相对性（名词可数性的重要理念）
e.g. 1) a man of character vs. a Chinese character 2) I like cake, not hamburger.
My mother is making a cake in the kichen. 3) I need some paper to write a letter on.
I have a term paper to write on weekends. I bought a paper.
4) There is lamb on the menu today.
The lambs were eating quietly.
Simple noun & Compound noun 简单名词 story, student, teacher；
复合名词 girlfriend, roommate, mother-in-law
名词的数
可数名词的数：单数和复数
1） 一般在词尾加-s：desk／desks, book／books 2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es：
class／classes, box／boxes, match／matches
特别注意：以-ch结尾的名词，若-ch发[k]音，则加-s，例如：stomach／stomachs
3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i，再加-es；而以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，则直接加-s：
country／countries, family／families, lady／ladies；play／plays, boy／boys, donkey／donkeys 4）以-o结尾的名词：
?辅音字母加-o，加-es: tomato, hero, Negro, veto
?辅音字母加-o，外来词，缩写词，加-s:
kilo, piano, photo, solo(独奏）, memo (备忘录), tobacco ?元音字母加-o，加-s：
bamboo, cuckoo, radio, studio, zoo ?加-s, -es 均可：
memento (纪念品)， motto (座右铭)，volcano (火山) 5） 以-f或-fe结尾的名词： ?变-f, -fe为-v，再加-es的词有：
half／halves, knife／knives, leaf／leaves, ?一般直接加-s的名词有：
belief／beliefs, chief／chiefs, cliff／cliffs（悬崖） ?变-f, -fe为-v，再加-es 或者直接加-s均可的词： dwarf?dwarfs / dwarves
handkerchief? handkerchiefs / handkerchieves scarf? scarfs / scarves ?单复数同形的可数名词，常见的有：aircraft(飞行器), deer(鹿), giraffe(长颈鹿), sheep(绵羊)等等。
例如：a sheep, two sheep 复合名词变复数
?“man/woman +名词”构成的复合名词
man teacher? men teachers; woman pilot? women pilots ?以-man/-womam/-child 结尾的复合名词
fireman? firemen; chairwoman? chairwomen; horseman?horsemen; grandchild? grandchildren; policeman? policemen;
Englishman? Englishmen; Frenchman? Frenchmen; (BUT: Germans)
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