课时规范训练(单独成册)
训练(二十二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Not too big，not too small.Not too hot，not too cold.A newly discovered planet looks just right for life as we know it，according to an international group of astronomers.
Orbiting a star about 500 light-years away，the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as the Earth.It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface.That is an essential condition for life.But it is not exactly like the Earth.It’s more of an Earth’s cousin.It’s not an Earth’s twin.It shares the same characteristics as the Earth，but their parent stars are very different.
Kepler-186f orbits a star that is smaller and cooler than our sun.But the planet appears to be a closer relative than most of the hundreds of others discovered so far.Some are massive gas-covered giants with thick atmospheres.Others orbit too closely to their stars and are too hot for life.For the first time，we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth-sized and orbits in its star’s habitable zone.
The next step would be to look for signs of life in the atmospheres of these distant worlds.That would take a more complicated space telescope.“But budget cuts threaten that mission，” says University of California at Los Angeles astrophysicist Ben.
“In principle，we could do this in the next couple decades.But in practice，because there’s no money，it’s not going to happen.It’s not going to happen in my lifetime，for example，”said Ben.However，NASA’s Elisa Quintana believes that when the next-generation space telescope is launched，it will find that we are not alone in the universe.In the meantime，the search continues for other worlds where life may find a home.
【解题导语】 天文学家发现了一颗类似地球的行星，上面有适合生命存有的条件，从此地球或许不再孤独。
1．The difference between the Earth and Kepler-186f is . A．they circle different parent stars B．they came into being at different times C．they move in space at a different speed D．they orbit their stars at a different distance
解析：选A。细节理解题。两者的差别是它们绕行的恒星不同。由第二段中的“It shares the same characteristics as the Earth，but their parent stars are very different.”可知A项准确。
2．The discovery of Kepler-186f is remarkable because . A．man has discovered a new home B．it caused people’s interest in the universe C．man has found a familiar planet like the Earth D．it can help man know more about the Earth
解析：选C。细节理解题。这颗行星引人注目是因为人类在宇宙中找到了类似地球的行星。由第三段中的“For the first time，we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth-sized and orbits in its star’s habitable zone.”可知C项准确。
3．What does Ben worry about in the future research?
A．Lack of money. C．His coming old age.
B．No cooperation. D．His weak influence.
解析：选A。细节理解题。此人对研究前景的担心是缺乏资金。由第四段中的“But budget cuts threaten that mission”以及第五段中的“In principle，we could do this in the next couple decades.But in practice，because there’s no money，it’s not going to happen.”可知A项准确。
4．What does Elisa Quintana feel about the future of the study? A．Hopeless. C．Doubtful.
B．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic.
解析：选D。推理判断题。此人对研究前景持乐观态度。由最后一段中的“However，NASA’s Elisa Quintana believes that when the next-generation space telescope is launched，it will find that we are not alone in the universe...”可知D项准确。
B
Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history.An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook，a new view of the universe.It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (本身) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 young Einstein had been world-famous.He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin.He had few duties，little teaching and unlimited chances for study，but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War I.
Einstein hated fighting and killing.The great suffering of war affected him deeply，and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research.Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to
work.
In the year following World War I honors were increasingly put on him.He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics.But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people.He was well-known for his humble (谦逊的) manner.He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.
In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize，and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
【解题导语】 本文属于人物传记类短文阅读。爱因斯坦对科学和历史有很大的影响。一位美国大学校长以前评论说爱因斯坦创建了一个新面貌，新的宇宙观。
5．The main idea of the first paragraph is . A．the difficulty of Einstein’s thought to others
B．the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein C．the difference between science and history D．the change in human thought produced by Einstein
解析：选D。段落大意题。第一段讲述了爱因斯坦对科学和历史产生了巨大影响，同时，也使人们的思维产生了巨大的变化。
高中学习网 www.gkxx.com6．It seems to the American university president that . A．Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history B．everybody understands Einstein’s scientific ideas
高中学习网 www.gkxx.comC．the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone D．our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein 解析：选D。细节理解题。由第一段中的“It may be some time before
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