基于PLC控制的单面多轴组合钻床

摘 要

本文依据液压传动原理和PLC控制技术，设计了一套基于PLC控制的单面多轴组合钻床的液压系统。该系统能自动完成机床的快进、工进、快退以及夹紧松开的动作循环，从而减轻工人劳动强度，提高生产效率。

依据单面多轴组合钻床工作循环的要求，本文主要开展的工作有：液压系统的设计、PLC控制系统的设计以及液压站的设计。液压系统的设计主要完成了液压系统原理图的拟定、液压元件的计算与选型；控制系统的设计主要进行控制系统动作流程图的拟定、I/O口分配、接线图绘制和程序编制及上机调试；液压站的设计主要是确定液压站的结构形式、油箱的结构设计及在Pro/E环境下的油路块设计。

关键词：液压站；PLC控制；液压系统；组合机床；Pro/E

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ABSTRACT

According to hydraulic control principle and PLC control technology, this paper designed a hydraulic system of single multi-axis drilling machine based on the combination. The system can automatically complete the machine's action cycle such as fast-forward, working forward, rewind, and release the clamping, by this, the worker’s labor intensity has been reduced and the production efficiency has been improved.

On the basis of the requirements of the working cycle of single multi-axis combination drilling machine, the work of this paper are: the hydraulic system design, PLC control system design and hydraulic design. Complete hydraulic system design of the main hydraulic system schematic formulation, calculation and selection of hydraulic components; control system to control the main operation flow chart of the proposed system, I / O port allocation, wiring and programming, and drawing on machine debugging; hydraulic station are designed primarily to determine the structure of the form of hydraulic, fuel tank structural design and in Pro / e environment oil block design.

Key words: hydraulic; PLC control; hydraulic system; combination machine; Pro / E

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目 录

摘 要 ...................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................... II 1 绪 论 ..................................................................... 1

1.1 机床在国民经济的地位及其发展简史 .................................... 1 1.2 组合机床的国内外现状 ................................................ 2

1.2.1 国内组合机床现状 ............................................... 2 1.2.2 国外组合机床现状 ............................................... 3 1.3 课题设计的目的和意义 ................................................ 4 1.4 设计内容 ............................................................ 4 1.5 本章小结 ............................................................ 4 2 液压系统的设计与计算 ...................................................... 5

2.1 液压传动的的概况及概念 ............................................. 5

2.1.1 液压传动 ....................................................... 5 2.1.2 液压系统的组成 ................................................. 5 2.1.3 液压系统的应用 ................................................. 5 2.2 液压传动系统的设计内容与步骤 ........................................ 5

2.2.1 明确对液压系统的设计要求 ....................................... 6 2.2.2 分析工况，确定液压系统的主要参数 ............................... 6 2.2.3 进行液压系统的方案设计 ......................................... 9 2.2.4 计算与选择液压元件 ............................................. 9 2.2.5 验算液压系统性能 .............................................. 11 2.2.6 绘制正式工作图，编制技术文件 .................................. 13 2.3 液压传动系统设计与计算 ............................................. 14

2.3.1 液压系统的设计要求 ............................................ 14 2.3.2 组合机床工作情况分析，确定液压系统主要参数 .................... 14 2.3.3 设计方案，拟定液压系统原理图 .................................. 17 2.3.4 计算和选择液压元件 ............................................ 18 2.3.5 验算液压系统性能 .............................................. 21 2.4 本章小结 ........................................................... 24 3 液压站的设计 ............................................................. 25

3.1 液压站的结构设计 ................................................... 25

3.1.1 液压泵组的安装方式 ............................................ 25 3.1.2 油箱的设计 .................................................... 26 3.1.3 其它元件的选择 ................................................ 29 3.2 油路块的三维造型设计 ............................................... 29

3.2.1 液压集成回路设计 .............................................. 29 3.2.2 Pro/E环境下各块的设计 ....................................... 30 3.2.3 工程图的转换 .................................................. 35 3.3 液压站装配图的绘制 ................................................. 37 3.4 本章小结 ........................................................... 37 4 卧式单面多轴钻孔组合机床液压控制系统的设计 ............................... 38

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4.1 液压系统PLC控制模块的设计 ......................................... 38

4.1.1 可编程序控制器的特点和应用 .................................... 38 4.1.2 工艺流程的编写 ................................................ 39 4.1.3 输入输出电路I/O口的分配 ...................................... 39 4.2 接线图的绘制 ....................................................... 41 4.3 梯形图的绘制 ....................................................... 41 4.4 指令表的转化 ....................................................... 43 4.5 安装调试 ........................................................... 44 4.6 本章小结 ........................................................... 44 结 论 ...................................................................... 45 致 谢 ...................................................................... 46 参考文献 ................................................................... 47 附 录 液压站装配图 ......................................................... 48

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