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flight test data ·ÉÐÐÊÔÑéÊý¾Ý restriction ÏÞÖÆ£¬Ô¼Êø£¬ÏÞÁ÷ pounds per square inch (psi) °õ/ƽ·½Ó¢´ç reference pressure ²Î¿¼Ñ¹Ç¿£¬»ù׼ѹǿ Measurement ²âÁ¿£¬¶ÈÁ¿ chart ͼ±í sea level º£Æ½Ãæ metric a. ¹«ÖÆ£¨¹«½ï£¬Ã×£¬ÃëÖÆ£© page pressure = psig ±íѹ£¬¼ÆËãѹǿ£¬Ê£mean sea level ƽ¾ùº£Æ½Ãæ Óàѹǿ specific weight ±ÈÖØ tank ÓÍÏä speed of sound ÒôËÙ mercury ¹¯£¬Ë®Òø knot ½Ú£¨²âº½Ëٵĵ¥Î»£©=1º£ÀïСʱ vacuum condition Õæ¿Õ״̬ Km = kilometer ǧÃ×£¬¹«Àï standard sea level condition ±ê×¼º£Æ½Ãæ×´Cm = centimeter ÀåÃ× Ì¬ mile Ó¢Àï absolute pressure ¾ø¶ÔѹÁ¦£¬¾ø¶Ôѹǿ Lb = pound °õ induction system ½øÆøÏµÍ³ Hg = mercury ¹¯ piston engine »îÈûʽ·¢¶¯»ú venture tube ÎÄÊÏ¹Ü fuel-air charge ÓÍ-Æø½øÁÏ£¬ÓÍ-ÆøÌîÁÏ subsonic aerodynamics ÑÇÒôËÙ¿ÕÆø¶¯Á¦Ñ§ cylinder Æø¸× subsonic airfoil ÑÇÒôËÙÒíÐÍ manifold pressure gage ½øÆøÑ¹Á¦±í supersonic airfoil ³¬ÒôËÙÒíÐÍ altimeter ¸ß¶È±í transonic airfoil ¿çÒôËÙÒíÐÍ scale ¿Ì¶ÈÅÌ£¬¿Ì¶È±í realim ÁìÓò·¶Î§ barometric scale ÆøÑ¹±í leading edge ǰԵ millibar ºÁ°Í maximum thickness ×î´óºñ¶È meteorologist ÆøÏóѧ¼Ò trailing edge ºóÔµ weather map ÌìÆøÍ¼ asymmetrical airfoil ·Ç¶Ô³ÆÒíÐÍ constant pressure line µÈѹÏß symmetrical airfoil ¶Ô³ÆÒíÐÍ Fahrenheit scale »ªÊÏαê obstruction ÕϰÎÕϰ Celsius ÉãÊÏαê chord line ÏÒÏß absolute temperature ¾ø¶ÔÎÂ¶È streamline Á÷Ïߣ¬ÆøÁ÷£¬Á÷Ïߵģ¬Á÷ÏßÐεģ¬centigrade scale °Ù·Öα꣬ÉãÊÏÎÂ¶È °Ñ¡ª¡ªÖƳÉÁ÷ÏßÐ굀 division ·Ö¿Ì¶È£¬¼ä¸ô stagnation point פµã£¬Ö͵ã increment ÔöÁ¿ stall ʧËÙ£¬ÆøÁ÷·ÖÀë degree ¶È deflection ƫת£¬Æ«ÕÛ heat energy ÈÈÄÜ downwash ÏÂÏ´Á÷£¬ÏÂÏ´ true reference ÕæÊµµÄ»ù×¼ upwash ÉÏÏ´Á÷£¬ÉÏÏ´ molecular activity ·Ö×ÓÔ˶¯ impending stall ÁÙ½üʧËÙ£¬¼´½«Ê±ËÙ Kelvin scale ¾ø¶Ôαê deflection ƫת£¬Æ«ÕÛ freezing point of pure water ´¿Ë®±ùµã lift coefficient ÉýÁ¦ÏµÊý boiling point of pure water ´¿Ë®·Ðµã dynamic pressure ¶¯Ñ¹£¬ËÙѹ state ״̬ factor ϵÊý£¬ÒòÊý£¬ÒªËØ rankine scale À¼½ðαê square feet ƽ·½Ó¢´ç mass ÖÊÁ¿ dimensionless number ÎÞÁ¿¸ÙÊýÖµ volume Ìå»ý£¬ÈÝ»ý formula ¹«Ê½£¬·½³Ìʽ gravity ÖØÁ¦ variable ±äÁ¿
effect ×÷Óã¬Ó°Ï죬Ч¹û£¬ÒýÆð£¬ÊµÏÖ£¬angle of attack ӽǣ¬¹¥½Ç£¬³å½Ç ´ïµ½ wind tunnel ·ç¶´ gravitational pull ÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦ curve ÇúÏߣ¬»¡Ïß weightless Ê§ÖØµÄ relative wind Ïà¶ÔÀ´Á÷ slug ˹ÀÕ¸ñ£¨ÖÊÁ¿µ¥Î»£© critical angle of attack ÁÙ½çÓ½Ç cubic foot Á¢·½Ó¢´ç product ²úÆ·£¬Éú²ú£¬ÖÆÔ죬³Ë»ý acceleration ¼ÓËÙ¶È feet per second Ó¢³ß/Ãë aerodynamic lift Æø¶¯ÉýÁ¦ airspeed ¿ÕËÙ£¬ÆøÁ÷ËÙ¶È aerodynamic drag Æø¶¯×èÁ¦ boundary layer ¸½Ãæ²ã determining factor ¾ö¶¨ÐÔÒòËØ viscosity Õ³ÐÔ£¬Õ³ÖÍ¶È pressure altitude ѹÁ¦¸ß¶È friction drag Ħ²Á×èÁ¦ density altitude ÃÜ¶È¸ß¶È roughness ²»Æ½Ì¹¶È£¬´Ö²Ú¶È ambient air ÖÜΧ´óÆø£¬Íâ½ç´óÆø dirt ÎÛÎŪÔ࣬ŪÎÛ
the law of conservation of energy ÄÜÁ¿Êغãfrost ˪£¬Ëª¶³£¬ÏÂ˪£¬´Ö²ÚµÄ£¬ÎÞ¹âÔóµÄ ¶¨ÂÉ local turbulence β²¿ÐýÎУ¬Î²²¿ÎÐÁ÷ disposal ´¦Àí£¬ÊÕʰ£¬ÕûÀí random flow pattern ÎÉÂÒµÄÁ÷ÏßÆ× latitude γ¶È£¬×Ý×ø±ê£¬»î¶¯ÓàµØ£¬·¶Î§ laminar flow ²ãÁ÷ chemical energy »¯Ñ§ÄÜ turbulent flow ÎÉÁ÷£¬ÍÄÁ÷ petroleum ʯÓͲúÆ· mile per hour Ó¢Àï/Сʱ mechanical energy »úеÄÜ kilometer per hour ¹«Àï/Сʱ relationship ¹ØÏµ component ²¿¼þ£¬×é¼þ£¬·ÖÁ¿£¬·ÖÁ¦£¬³ÉNewton¡¯s laws of motion Å£¶ÙÔ˶¯¶¨ÂÉ ·Ý£¬²¿·Ö velocity ËÙ¶È complex nature ¸´ÔÓµÄÐÔÖÊ£¬×ۺϵÄÐÔÖÊ reaction ·´×÷Óà induced drag ÓÕµ¼×èÁ¦ autogiro ÐýÒí»ú£¬Ö±Éý·É»ú£¬×Ô¶¯ÍÓÂÝÒÇ parasite drag ·Ï×èÁ¦ Bemoulli¡¯s principle ²®Å¬Á¦ÔÀí characteristic curve ÌØÐÔÇúÏß kinetic energy ¶¯ÄÜ drag coefficient ×èÁ¦ÏµÊý potential energy ÊÆÄÜ lift/drag ratio (lift over drag ratio) Éý×è±È position λÖà separation ·ÖÀ룬·Ö¿ª noncompressible fluid ²»¿ÉѹËõÁ÷Ìå pressure center ѹÁ¦ÖÐÐÄ restricted tube ½ØÁ÷¹Ü pitch force ¸©ÑöÁ¦ flow rate Á÷Á¿£¬Á÷ÂÊ aerodynamic center ¿ÕÆø¶¯Á¦ÖÐÐÄ£¬½¹µã specific static pressure µ¥Î»¾²Ñ¹±È£¬±È¾²Ñ¹ axis Öá£¬×ø±êÖá
controls ²Ù×Ýϵͳ£¬²Ù×Ý»ú¹¹£¬¶æÃæ
longitudinal axis ×ÝÖá lateral axis ºáÖᣬ²àÖá
vertical axis Á¢ÖᣬÊúÖᣬ´¹Ö±Öá roll axis ¹öתÖᣬ×ÝÖá pitch axis ¸©ÑöÖᣬºáÖá yaw axis Æ«º½ÖᣬÁ¢Öá
aerodynamic stability ¿ÕÆø¶¯Á¦°²¶¨ÐÔ mechanical stability »úе°²¶¨ÐÔ
stable aircraft °²¶¨µÄ·É»ú£¬¾ßÓа²¶¨ÐԵķɻú
horizon µØÆ½£¬µØÆ½Ïߣ¬µØÆ½ÒÇ static stability ¾²°²¶¨ÐÔ dynamic stability ¶¯°²¶¨ÐÔ equilibrium ƽºâ£¬Æ½ºâ״̬
steady flight Îȶ¨·ÉÐУ¬¶¨³£·ÉÐÐ nose-up attitude ̧ͷ×ËÊÆ£¬Ñö½Ç nose-down attitude µÍÍ·×ËÊÆ£¬¸©½Ç restorative force »Ö¸´Á¦£¬¸´ÔÁ¦ positive stability Õý°²¶¨ÐÔ
original position ÔʼλÖ㬳õʼλÖà valley ¹È£¬°¼µØ
opposite side ¶Ô±ß£¬Ïà·´µÄÒ»±ß negative stability ¸º°²¶¨ÐÔ oscillation Õñ¶¯£¬°Ú¶¯
neutral stability ÖÐÐÔ°²¶¨Ã棬ÎÞ°²¶¨Ô£¶È amplitude Õñ·ù£¬·ù¶È
longitudinal stability ×ÝÏò°²¶¨ÐÔ lateral stability ²àÏò°²¶¨Ãæ
directional stability ·½Ïò°²¶¨ÐÔ£¬º½Ïò°²¶¨ÐÔ
pitch stability ¸©Ñö°²¶¨ÐÔ hands-off flight Ëɸ˷ÉÐÐ
straight and level flight Ö±Ïßˮƽ·ÉÐÐ nose-down moment µÍÍ·Á¦¾Ø
balance ƽºâ£¬ÅäÖØ£¬ºâÁ¿£¬±È½Ï rotational force ÐýתÁ¦£¬×ª¶¯Á¦ horizontal tail surface ˮƽβÒí nose-up moment ̧ͷÁ¦¾Ø tendency ÇãÏò£¬Ç÷ÊÆ
approach ½Ó½ü£¬Ì½ÌÖ£¬½ø½ü£¬½ø³¡£¬½ø³¡×Ž
control wheel ¼ÝÊ»ÅÌ£¬²Ù×ÝÂÖ
control pressure ²Ù×ݸˣ¨ÅÌ£©ÉϵÄÁ¦£¬²Ù×ÝϵͳµÄÁ¦
trim control Å䯽²Ù×Ý
downdraft ÏÂÏòͨ·ç£¬ÏÂÏ´Á÷£¬Ï½µÆøÁ÷ roll stability ¹öת°²È«ÐÔ dihedral Á½Ãæ½ÇµÄ£¬ÉÏ·´½Ç acute angle Èñ½Ç
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