21. In which camping spot may you enjoy the grand view of waterfalls? A. Yosemite National Park. B. Corcovado National Park. C. Boya Lake Provincial Park. D. Maasai Mara National Reserve.
22. Who can be interested in camping in Corcovado National Park? A. Swimming lovers. B. Star observers.
C. Animal researchers.
D. Biology students.
23. What will you do in Maasai Mara National Reserve? A. Migrate with wild animals. B. Pay a visit to Tanzania. C. Make contacts with locals. D. Camp in the Mara River.
B
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that have an official day on which fathers are honored by their children．On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special.
Historians have recorded that there was a tradition to celebrate a day for fathers even thousands of years ago. Their study say that 4,000 years ago in Babylon a son called Elmesu carved a father's day message on a clay card. In his message Elmesu wished his father a long and healthy life.
However, in modern times the idea for creating a day for children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman by the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon in 1909. Having been raised by her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to her. Sonora’s father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration in Spokane, Washington on the 19th of June, 1910.
The noble idea of celebrating Father's Day became quite popular in US so much so that President Woodrow Wilson approved of the festival in 1916. President Calvin Coolidge too supported the idea but it was President Lyndon Johnson who signed a Presidential Proclamation declaring the third Sunday of June as Father's Day in 1966. Then in 1972, President Richard Nixon established a permanent national observance of Father's Day to be held on the third Sunday of June.
Most commonly, children give Father's Day cards and flowers to their father. Neckties
are a popular gift on the occasion of Father's Day. Due to the tradition of giving gifts, cards makers, florists and gift sellers campaign for Father's Day Festival in a big way and cash in on the sentiments of the people.
24. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A. Tell us the story of Elmesu.
B. Support the findings of historians. C. Introduce an old case of Father’s Day. D. Prove the source of modern Father’s Day. 25. What do we know about Sonora? A. She created Father’s Day in 1909. B. She was abandoned by her mother. C. She refused to celebrate Mother’s Day. D. She bore deep affection to her father.
26. How many years did it take for Father’s day to be officially declared? A. About 4,000 years. B. About 56 years.
C. About 61 years. D. About 6 years.
27. Which of the following best explains “sentiments” underlined in the last paragraph? A. Actions. B. Feelings. C. Activities. D. Incomes.
C
Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn't new at all --- in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier's ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works.
After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect – still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
28. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The atmosphere.
B. The greenhouse effect. C. The climate change. D. The heat from the sun.
29. When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming? A. In 1903. B. In 1950.
C. 200 years ago.
D. By the end of 1950s.
30. What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish? A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Opposed.
31. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Causes of climate change. B. Effects of greenhouse gases. C. Explorations on climate change. D. Findings about global warming.
D
If you ask most people what water tastes like, they’ll probably tell you that water has no
taste and they may give you a funny look. But if you were a fruit fly, asking another fruit fly, that question might have a different answer.
To a fruit fly, water has a taste. Scientists want to know how the fruit fly knows water because this information may help in learning how other animals — or even individual cells — manage to use water in the right way. Water is vital to life, but too much or too little can be deadly to a living creature. So by understanding how the fruit fly tastes water, researchers may learn more about other living things.
According to the new study, a protein(蛋白质) called PPK28 makes it possible for a fly to taste water. Proteins build cells and tissues, fight disease and carry messages between cells. It’s not surprising that a protein is responsible for the fruit fly’s ability to taste water.
The PPK28 protein is part of a larger family of similar proteins. One of these related proteins is used by mammals (including humans) to taste salt. Scientists have not found a protein that enables humans to “taste” water.
In the experiment, Cameron and his team compared normal fruit flies with fruit flies whose taste cells had been disabled. The fruit flies were given a special chemical that would glow(发光) when the fly used the PPK28 protein. Then the scientists led the flies to water. When the normal flies tasted the water, the PPK28 protein lit up — showing that it was in use.
The fruit fly in particular is so interesting that some scientists are hard at work creating a complete map of the fruit fly brain. This map will show all of a fly’s neurons and help scientists understand how the neurons work together.
32. How do most people feel when asked the taste of water? A. Amused. B. Frightened.
C. Disappointed. D. Disgusted.
33. Why do scientists want to know how the fruit fly knows water? A. To decrease the number of the fruit fly. B. To know more about other creatures.
C. To manage to use water correctly. D. To describe the taste of water.
34. What do we know about the PPk28 protein? A. It can make humans taste salt. B. The fruit fly can’t live without it. C. It enables the fruit fly to taste water. D. The fruit fly uses it to avoid illnesses.
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