project, the safety evaluation by the appropriate agency for evaluation of division-site inspections for safety deficiencies, and gives corrective measures required by the business for rectification, to achieve safe production purposes. Evaluate the situation according to business division safety evaluation report prepared by the Work Safety Supervision Bureau for approval after examination and approval procedures as a business for a variety of important information.Safety assessment into the safety pre-evaluation (before the establishment of the project), safety evaluation and safety inspection evaluation of the status quo. Products or by-products in which dangerous chemicals have to pre-evaluation and acceptance evaluation.The main purpose of safety evaluation is to help companies identify security deficiencies, provide security services, and approval by the local safety supervision bureau to obtain legal procedures.
Safety evaluation in prevent, reduce accidents, reduce disaster losses and the cause of the accident analysis of various aspects play an important role in safety evaluation has been increasingly included in national legislation, standards, and relevant norms of international organizations terms.
1. The status of safety assessment
(1) The safety assessment has become a construction project, a work must be carried out
U.S. projects have important safety evaluation. Japan's Labor requires new construction, renovation of the chemical implementation of \stages of chemical plant safety assessment.\safety assessment.
China will secure the project evaluation as the \simultaneous\A new element is to make the \measure of institutionalization. In 1992, the Bureau of Technical Supervision issued a
\--- 92 mandatory national standard, the standard set forth in the safety assessment principles and methods. In 1992, the Ministry of Labor issued the \product gas and safety regulations\provides that \preliminary design approval must be accompanied by safety and industrial hygiene evaluation report ....\
In October 1996, the Ministry of Labor issued a \project (engineering) work safety and health supervision requirement\which states: \hearing before the preliminary design must be submitted to the administrative department of labor occupational safety and health pre-construction project evaluation report and preliminary design documents [including the \special articles,\issued a\construction project (engineering) work safety and health management practices pre-assessment \requirements.
(2) Safety evaluation of safety management standards in the basic content With industrial development, quality assurance system and environmental system to get people's identity, ISO 9000 series of standards and IS014000 series of standards widely adopted worldwide. Occupational safety and health management system has also been increasing attention on a world scale, and safety management system has taken shape. Hazard identification, safety assessment is the premise of good safety management, therefore, at international standards on safety management safety evaluation almost without exception, as an important part: Canada's \Care\followed Partnership \of nine work, the U.S. Occupational Safety and health management system, British Standard BS 8800, Australian Standard AS 1470 also includes a safety evaluation of content; China's\Occupational Safety Management system trial standard \hazard identification, safety assessment and hazard control plan \an important
component.
(3) Safety evaluation of becoming an important means of major industrial accidents
To prevent major industrial accidents, the ILO in 1993 adopted the \on the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents\\and analysis of risk and the accident risk assessment, including consideration of possible interactions between various substances. \published in 1988,\Major Incident Control Practical Handbook \be\security assessment \the business manager's duties and provides a number of safety assessment method; 1991 afternoon publication of the \separate chapter. In 1992 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations issued by the federal \hazardous chemical process safety management\been completed to the \level assessment\re-confirmation. EPA released the \evaluation provisions. European Community in 1996, the 1982 \been modified, the revised Directive (96/82/EC major accident hazards of hazardous substances control) requires the Member States in the enterprise security management system should be involved \to implement the normal operation or abnormal operation caused significant risk to the system identification methods to evaluate the possibility of significant risk and severity. \
2. The role of safety assessment
(1) can make the system effective in reducing accidents and occupational hazards Predict, prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational hazards, is the central task of modern safety management. Safety evaluation system, the system can identify the weak links and can lead to accidents occurring conditions and
occupational hazards, through systematic analysis of accidents and also to find the real cause of occupational hazards, in particular, can find out the unanticipated Easy neglected risk factors and occupational hazards, and through quantitative analysis, forecasting the occurrence of accidents and occupational hazards and the possibility of the seriousness of the consequences, which can take the appropriate countermeasures to prevent and control the occurrence of accidents and occupational hazards.
(2) can carry out safety management system
Modern industry is characterized by large, continuous and automated, the increasing complexity of the production process, all aspects and processes are interrelated, interaction, mutual restraint. System safety assessment is through systematic analysis, evaluation, comprehensive, systematic, organic, production systems, preventive treatment of security issues, rather than in isolation, a piecemeal production system to solve the security issue and realize the system security management. Safety management system include: ① found that accidents; ② predict failures caused by mistake or dangerous; ③ program design and adjust security measures; ④ achieve optimal security measures; ⑤ continue to take measures for improvement.
(3) can be safe with a minimum investment to achieve the best results
On the security of the system for quantitative analysis, evaluation and optimization security technology for safety management and accident prediction, prevention provides a scientific basis. According to the analysis you can choose the best solution to achieve the best match between the various subsystems, with a minimum investment to get the best safety results, which can significantly reduce casualties and equipment damage incidents.
(4) can contribute to the safety standards and reliability of data accumulation
System security assessment is central to the system to make qualitative and quantitative evaluation, which requires the safety standards and data, such as licensing security, and fault rates, ergonomic standards and safety design standards. Therefore, the safety evaluation can contribute to the safety standards and the reliability of data collection, accumulation, lay the foundation for the establishment of reliable databases.
(5) can rapidly improve the technical level of operations security
System security assessment through the development and application, so security professionals learn all systems analysis and evaluation methods that can quickly improve security and technical personnel, operational and management staff, standards and systems analysis, improve security and safety management and technical personnel quality to be able to carry out well safety.
Fifth, the classification of safety assessment
Safety evaluation of the project from the project to normal production as well as retired, scrapped, any one of them has a different stage of the evaluation of classification methods, which commonly used are the following.
1. Different stages of the evaluation object classification (1) safety pre-evaluation
Safety pre-assessment is based on construction projects (including new, revision, and expansion project) feasibility study report of the content, analysis and forecast of the construction project may be dangerous and harmful factors of the type and extent reasonable and feasible safety countermeasures and suggestions .
According to the former Ministry of Labor (1996) 3 orders \(Project) monitoring requirements of labor safety and health\construction projects must be pre-evaluation of occupational safety and health:
① and above the limit and medium-sized construction projects; ② the production of fire risk category A of the Project;
③ explosion hazard rating for especially dangerous and high-risk projects; ④ mass production or use of industrial grade, Ⅱ level of occupational exposure to harmful levels of toxic construction projects;
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