3. 在非限制性定语从句中,一般用 “, ”把主句和从句分开.不用that,而且也不能省略.
I have two sisters, ______ are both students. I have lost the pen, ______ I like very much.
四．特别注意的几种定语从句 that引导
that在定语从句中可以指人指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。但不能作介词放前的宾语。如： The letter that I received was from my father.
注意在以下场合必须用that 引导的定语从句。 １． 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much , something, nothing等，例如：
All that we have to do is to practise every day.
２． 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
３． 先行词被all, few, little, much ,some, every等所修饰。如：
I have read all the book that you gave me.
４． 先行词the only, the very, the same, the last所修饰。如：
He is the only person that I want to talk to. ５． 先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
６． 句中已who有时，为避免混淆。如： Who is the man that is talking to John?
思考：在什么场合下，用which，而不用that？
as 引导
１． as可用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并常在从句中作主语、表语、状语、宾语。构成such…as, the same 。。。as等结构。表同一类。如：
I like the same book as you do.(as作宾语) I shall do it in the same way as you did.( as作状语)
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.( as作宾语)
２． 引导非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中作
主语、表语或宾语，此时，指代整个主句，可放在句首、句中。
As we all know, he studies very hard.(as代表整个句子，作宾语)
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. .(as代表整个句子，作主语)
= he is the best student in our class, which is known to all.(which as, 这个情况下可转换) The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. (as代表整个句子，作表语)
常用的这类类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 注意：as指代整个句子时和which的区别是：which不能放于句首，而as则可以；有 “正如”、“就象”之意，而which常翻译“这” ，“这一点”。而且， 所以， 引导非限定性定语从句时， 同一类事物用as, 不同的事物， 用which
A war is too cruel that it always causes great loss, __ has happened in Iraq and other countries.
A． what B. as C. which D. one 答案： B as
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