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疯狂专练二十一 模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Ⅰ.单项选择
1.【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【答案】D
【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光.句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent.
考点：考查非谓语动词.
2.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message
________within the work.
C. hiding
D. being hidden
A. to hide B. hidden 【答案】B
【解析】考查分词做定语.本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the work在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a secret message, 相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work.A C项表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符.故B正确.
3.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted 【答案】D
【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究.使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语.B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情.故选D.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
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A
【2017·衡阳高三一模】There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals to find cures for human diseases in experimental research. Personally, if there are no other alternatives, and if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for experimental research.
The animal rights supporters label scientists as “cruel” for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for food. Some even claim that people and animals are equal and they should be treated equally. But can the death of an animal be the same thing as the death of a person? I think causing animals to die for science or for saving human lives may be considered ethical (伦理的), if it will contribute to the advancement of science and human health in general.
Another basic argument of animal rights supporters is that people and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even state that it is better to use people directly as they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on man. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die until a healthy result is obtained. People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree, scientists are right to use animal models to do some experiments that could not be achieved in human. There are also a lot of examples which show that using animals resulted in significant developments and helped to cure some serious illnesses.
All in all, using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that animals are treated humanely.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议.作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证.
1．Animal rights supporters hold the opinion that ________.
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A．farmers have the legal rights to kill animals B．causing animals to die for science is acceptable C．scientists are to blame for killing animals for research D．animals and people are not different genetically 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题.根据第二段第一句可知，动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责.故选C.
2．We can infer that the author ________. A．seems to be an animal rights supporter B．does experimental research on animals C．is concerned about the future of animals
D．agrees that animals can be used in medical research 【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题.根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知，作者同意用动物进行医学研究.故选D.
3．According to the text, it is a fact that ________.
A．it is always illegal to use animals for experimental research
B．using animals for medical experiments contributes to curing some serious illnesses C．using people models is against the law and regarded as cruel
D．it makes no difference whether to use animals or people for experimental research 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题.根据第三段最后一句可知，B项所述是事实.故选B.
B
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.
Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.
According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA
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damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.
“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Peto's paradox (悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.
“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. “It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”
语篇解读 ：科学家研究发现，大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53，人类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症. 4．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer? A．They have a rather large body size. B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage.
C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors. D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题.根据第二段的第二句“A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing.”可知，因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因，所以大象不患癌症，D项正确.
5．According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals? A．Deadly tumors.
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