------------------------ Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond? How can men and The only people who should be included in an women better together? ------------------------ work e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only How will cancer for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes treatment affect you need to alert people or create a record my of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to son’s resume? blame other people. If you’ve got a problem ------------------------ with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist What to do if fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail you drank too is usually ineffective for resolving much at the conflict. Have a conversation with the sender company holiday?party Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend. flighty and without complaining about your current employer? The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”. 60. What is discussed in the first letter?
A. How to ask questions in a polite way. B. How to respond to a false charge.
C. How to make a correction at work. mass emails at work.
61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as _____.
A. talking about your family issues in public B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date
C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss D. bragging about your experience to your partner
62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s _______.
A. career choices
B. social relationships C. working problems
D. How to handle rude
D. health problems
(C)
Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent
of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.
The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.
It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.
Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has
too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).
There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.
But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions. 63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet? A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published. B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research. C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication. D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.
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