than seniors who do not care for other people，according to a study from Berlin，Germany.
“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents’ health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，”said Sonja Hilbrand，one of the researchers.
The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70．Overall，after accounting for grandparents’age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，compared with grandparents who provided no childcare．
Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn’t a relative. Half of a11 childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began，while non-helpers lived for four years on average.
“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society．Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，”said Professor Bruno Arpino．
Arpino noted，however，that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working，being in social clubs，or volunteering．“Children should take into account their parents’needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”he suggested．
“It is very important that every individual decides for him／herself，what proper amounts of help’means，”Hilbrand said，adding，“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(强度)of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself．”
28．What is the caregiving study based on?
A．Human evolutionary history． B．Demand modern society．
C．Social contact between relatives． D．Data on many elderly people． 29．In Arpino’s opinion，childcare________． A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people
30．What does the underlined part“take into account”in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Limit． B．Ignore． C．Favor． D．Consider． 31．What does the last paragraph tell us?
A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests． B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities． C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents． D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.
D
In an effort to discourage people from using plastics，scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products．From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具)made from rice and wheat，a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go，or having a relaxing picnic in the park．
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的)water bottles has been around for a few years．Recently，Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only shape as long as they are filled．As soon as these empty they will begin to break down，though they perfectly safe to eat．Ari Jonsson’s bottles are to a widely used alternative to the current plastic The eatable water container is not the only
hold
their
bottles are would
be
a step closer ones． product
to
add to our image of the future．Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons．After the success of his spoons．Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu．His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste，which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world．It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down，and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it．
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment，this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy．Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends．Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
32．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?
A．To make people’s life more convenient． B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste． C．To charge the way we picnic outside． D．To show off their inventive talents．
33．What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly? A．They can be made at home．
B．They are cheap to produce and buy．
C．They will hold their shape when they are filled． D．They will break down themselves when empty．
34．What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common? A．They are convenient to carry． B．They are safe to eat．
C．They can be used for a short time．D．They are heavier than plastics． 35．What can be inferred from this passage?
A．Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular．
B．Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future． C．No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste．
D．It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home． 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分。满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Tests can be stressful even for the best students． 36 Fortunately，there are several steps you can take to make your stress much more manageable． Get Enough Sleep
Getting 6 hours of sleep or less can put you into what’s called a sleep deficit(不足)，which makes you less sharp mentally and prevents you from performing properly on tests． 37 This way，you needn’t stay up for the test and can get a good night of sleep before your big day． Study Smarter
38 Make a list of the most important things you need to learn and hit the items at the top of the list first．This will ensure they’re mostly covered if you run out of time．Make a list of all the work you have to do，estimate how long each item will take，and compare that with the amount of hours you have available．This will tell you if you can carefully read or just skim，how many times you can afford to revise the papers. Visualize(想象)Success
A proven way to build your confidence is to visualize yourself taking the tests and doing wonderfully．Visualization can not only help you perform better in the tests but can help you remember facts．You can create detailed situations that involve the information you’re trying to remember． 39 Stay Calm
There’re several techniques that can help you calm down quickly． 40 Just close your eyes，
take a deep breath，hold it for a while and then let it out slowly．Your stress will come out with your exhales(呼气)．
A，Be organized with your studies．
B．Extra time on tests can bring success to students． C．Test anxiety has a negative impact on your performance． D．In this process you can strengthen the facts in your memory．
E．Breathing exercises can be extremely effective in helping you relax． F．So it's very important to get all your studying done before your exam．
G．There are options for easing stress and potentially improving test performance. 第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分．满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 I spent last summer volunteering at a hospital．One morning，I was called to a room in which an 41 woman was staying．42 she wanted to go to a nearby gift shop，I got a(n) 43 and helped her into it，heading for the shop．
When we got there，the shop wasn’t 44 yet．It was merely a 30-minute wait so we went over to the 45 area and I read her bits and pieces of the newspaper aloud．After 30 minutes，we went into the gift shop．Pushing her around，I could see the 46 on her face as she looked at everything．She happily chose some window decorations and then 47 chocolates．She asked me to push her 48 that direction．I helped her 49 all the different chocolate arrangements．She 50 decided on three different boxes．
As she was checking out，she asked the cashier for a 51 and asked me to write the numbers l，2，and 3 on the boxes．She 52 that the nurses were taking such good care of her, so she 53 chocolates for each of the three shifts(三班倒)of nurses．The moment I wheeled her back up to her room，she gave the 54 shift of nurses their box of chocolate，who 55 offered some to me before taking some themselves．There were 56 all around．
57 her generosity and getting the opportunity to spend time with someone who got so much pleasure from life was a 58 in itself．Gratitude(感恩)has an amazing way of bringing people 59 ，especially in a place where health is so highly 60 ． 41．A．elderly 42．A．While
B．honest
C．impatient
C．In case
D．independent D．As D．ambulance D．closed
B．As long as
43．A．wheelchair B．bus 44．A．crowded 45．A．checking 46．A．surprise 47．A．smelt
C．taxi
B．completed B．dieting B．joy
C．open
C．parking C，pride
D．waiting D．anxiety
B．tasted
C．sported D．purchased
D．at
D．look though
D．hurriedly
48．A．up 49．A．put away
B．to C．in
B．give out C．hand in
50．A．eventually B．gradually C．properly
51．A．change 52．A．admitted 53．A．bought 54．A．next
B．pen C．card D．box
B．promised B．ordered B．present
C．suggested D．explained C．made
D．borrowed
D．night D．in advance D．jokes
C．previous
55．A．on purpose B．by chance 56．A．noises
B．smiles
C．in turn
C．greetings
57．A．Witnessing B．Taking advantage of C．Repaying D．Searching for 58．A．prize
B．risk
C．gift
D．story
59．A．together B．upwards C．back D．down
60．A．respected
B．praised C．admired
D．valued
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