第三节 名词、冠词和数词
考向分析
语法填空：名词考查重点为单复数，变动词和形容词；冠词是考查热点，热考点 多关注固定结构；数词考查较少。 短文改错： 名词重点考查可数名词未用复数和不可数名词误用复数；冠词的误用和漏用都要关注；数词考查基数词变化为序数词。 新考向
2019全国卷中减少了对名词单复数的考查，加强了对名词变动词或形容词的考查。 题型一 关于名词、冠词和数词的语法填空
1．No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.(2019·北京) 答案 activities
解析 考查名词复数。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
2．Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江) 答案 dishes
解析 考查名词复数。dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。 3．A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．(2018·全国Ⅰ) 答案 causes
解析 考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。
4．This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart
disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 答案 effects
解析 考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。
5．It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全国Ⅱ) 答案 crowds
解析 考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。
6．She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 答案 invitations
解析 考查名词复数。several表“几个”，其后要用名词invitation的复数形式。
7．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.(2017·浙江) 答案 carrots
解析 考查名词复数。a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。
8．Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全国Ⅱ) 答案 studies
解析 考查名词复数。根据后面的谓语动词show，表示复数形式，故主语也应是复数形式。
提示词是名词，首先分析句子，确认不需要改变词性，就可以考虑用名词复数形式。一些标志词可以快速确认。 1．修饰词
①one of＋名词复数。
②大于2的基数词，different，various，many，these/those，few，a few，several，all，both，
other，a (large) number of，a couple of，a dozen of，dozens of，a handful of 后用名词复数。 ③some后如果名词可数，要用复数。
2．谓语动词：如果所填的名词作主语，谓语动词是复数形式are，were，have或动词原形，则用名词复数。 3．特殊的复数名词 belongings n．财产 possessions n．财产 congratulations祝贺 surroundings n．环境 findings n．发现
good/bad manners n．有礼貌/没礼貌 take turns轮流
in all directions四面八方 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
1．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 答案 belief
解析 考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
2．We are so proud of her.It’s (wonder)．(2019·全国Ⅱ) 答案 wonderful
解析 考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后应用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
3．When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
答案 competition
解析 考查名词。由空前的an interesting可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 4．They also shared with us many (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ) 答案 traditional
解析 考查形容词。空格处修饰名词stories，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，故填traditional。
5．Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2019·浙江) 答案 connection/connections
解析 考查名词。no是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词形式为connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。
6．School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them.(2019·浙江) 答案 traditional
解析 考查形容词。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
7．It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.(2019·北京) 答案 meaningful
解析 考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词形式。故填meaningful。
8．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.(2018·浙江) 答案 weight
解析 考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems，weight problems意为“体重问题”。 9．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to (strength) your leg
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