2020年高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气（讲）

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【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被组织好，否则的话他们会用那一半的时间完成任务的。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语＋would have done sth.”的结构。故选D。

【举一反三】【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。

【变式探究】（2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。

【变式探究】________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

【答案】Had

【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。

【变式探究】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.didn’t write

B. hadn’t written D. wouldn’t have written

C. wouldn’t write

【答案】D

【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此

选D项。

1．(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A．accomplished B．had accomplished

C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished 【答案】D

2．(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together. A．had B．will have C．would have had 【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：多么遗憾！你错过了这次游览。否则，我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋have done。

1.【2018·江苏】 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had B. will have

C. would have had D. have had 【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。

2.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B

3.（2018·天津卷） I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

D．had had

A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。

4.（2018·北京卷）In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A. need B. should C. can D. must 【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。

5.（2018·北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。

1．（2017·北京）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C

【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。

2．（2017?天津）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.

A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】C

【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。

3．（2017?江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。

4． (2017·江苏卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。

5．（2017?江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B

6．（2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【答案】A

1．(2016·浙江，15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

【答案】Had

【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里

是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。

2．(2016·浙江，17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm. 【答案】have gone

【解析】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测。 3．(2016·北京，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.

【答案】had told

【解析】句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词＋have done”形式。

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