2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题12 名词性从句（教学案，教师
版）
【2013高考考纲解读】
名词性从句是高考的常考点。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；
学习时尤其要注意区分和归纳what/that/wh-ever/whether等的语义功能和语法功能。 【重点知识整合】
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有：从属连词that，whether，if ，wh-连接代词和连接副词，关系代词what，whatever等。 一、that从句
1．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
(1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。It is probable that he has told her everything.他可能已经把所有事情都告诉她了。
【例】It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。
It's a pity that we can't go.真可惜我们不能去。
It's no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。
(3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。
It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到达北京了。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。
(4)以下情况用虚拟语气
①It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth.
②It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should)do sth. 2．作动词的宾语
(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。 注意：
一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 (2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading． 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。
3．作形容词的宾语
某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。 I'm afraid you don't understand what I said just now. 我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams．妈妈很高兴，她的女儿通过了考试。 4．作表语
(1)连接词that不可省略。
(2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。
The reason why he was late for class is that he didn't catch the early bus.他上课迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。
(3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 5．作同位语
The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。
注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。
The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging．（同位语从句）
我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句） 我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。
【例】We should consider the students’ request the school library provide more
books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where 【答案】A
【例】 The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【例】News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
二、wh-疑问从句
1．作主语，常用it作形式主语
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not. 她来不来无所谓。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有确定。
注意：主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。What he found interested me greatly.他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoever has finished may rest．谁完工了就可以休息。
【例】A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I
left for Beijing．
A．how B．whom C．when D．which
2．作直接宾语
能跟wh-疑问从句作直接宾语的动词（短语）很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest,doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
I can't imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是怎样做那件事的。
They couldn't understand why I refused. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝了。
3．作表语
The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该待在哪儿。
【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
4．作某些形容词的宾语
You must be careful what you do. 你必须小心你所做的事情。 5．作同位语
The question why so many people would choose to live inthe countryside but to
work in the city is still under discussion.
关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。 三、名词性关系从句
名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。 what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who
whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when 注意：
连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the placewhere)。
【例】The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
1．作主语
What they need is a good textbook. 他们需要的是一本好的教科书。
Whichever he likes will be given to him. 他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。
Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 无论他买的是哪一本书都要付款。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做了这项工作，一定要得到酬谢。
【例】Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A. who
B. what
C. whoever D. whatever
2．作宾语
I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我都可以给你看。
I'll give you however much money you need. 你需要多少钱我都可以给你。
We shall not forget when the meeting will start.
=We shall not forget the time when the meeting will start. 我们不会忘记开会的时间。 ．
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。
She walked up to where he stood.她走到他站着的地方。 I can judge by what I know of him. 我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。
You can write about whatever topic you prefer. 你可以写你喜欢写的任何题目。 I'll wait till when we meet again. 我会等待着我们再次见面。 3．作表语
This is where our problem lies．这就是我们问题的所在。Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的时候。 4．作宾语补足语
We'll make him whatever he is fit for. 他适合干什么，我们就培养他干什么。 I'll call the baby whatever name you like. 你喜欢哪一个名字，我就叫这个婴儿哪个名字。
He has made the company what it is today. 他把公司办成了今天这个样子。
四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。 下列情况只用whether不用if： 1．引导主语从句且置于句首时。 2．引导表语从句时。 3．引导同位语从句时。 4．引导宾语从句且前置时。 5．作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。 6．其后紧跟or not时。 7．其后跟不定式时。
五、“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。
1．whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。
2．what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what，who等是指具体的东西或人；用whatever，whoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。 Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me.（让步状语从句） =No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. 无论我说什么他都不听我的。
He would believe whatever I said.（宾语从句） 他会相信我说的任何事情。
【例】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
易混易误，深度总结 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that
D. what what
【陷阱】可能误选B许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B.
【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which
B. how
C. what D. having
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.” A. that B. what which
D. as
C.
3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that
D. that all
【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B.
【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D
组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all.
4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they will
C. they will, they will they
D. will they, will
B. will they, they
（1） None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry she marries
C. she will marry, she marries marries, she will marry
（2） “Where _______ go to work？” “Where _______ go to work is not known.” A. we shall, we shall shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
D.
B.
D.
she
B. she marries,
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves？
A. who
C. that D. what
B. which
（1） Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat. A. who
C. that
B. which
D. what
（2） I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me. A. who
C. that
B. which
D. what
（3） He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that as D. because
前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句（修饰the news）。
【高频考点突破】
B. which
C.
【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
that 引导名从时，无意义不当句子成分，只是引导词；而what引导名从时，在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分，what表“什么…”=all that或sth. that
1.Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
2. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether
3. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which
4. It is reported that most of the families’ income is now three times or more ____ it was 3 years ago.
A. than B. that C. what D. which
5. After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ____ later proved a new continent. A. where B. what C. that D. which
6. ______we should do is leaving a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back
till late.
A. That B. What C. When D. Why
7. Information has been put forward ______ Zhaowei will play an important role in this film.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
If 在名词性从句中可以用作：1.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句；2. 当与or not分开使用时He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.Whether在所有名词性从句都可以 。
1.——You look anxious these days. Lucy. What is it that you are anxious about? —— ______in persuading my classmates into joining us. A. If we can succeed B. That we can succeed C. Can we succeed D. Whether we can succeed
2.Mr．Phil asked me a question_____ I dared to go with him to____ he called the Lonely Island．
A．that；which B．whether；that C．whether；what D．that；where 【答案】C
【解析】考查从句的引导词。第一空后的句子结构完整，描述的是question的内容，引导一个同位语从句，所以要用whether；第二空引导的句子作介词to的宾语，并在从句中做called的宾语，所以要用what。
3. The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research. A. whether
B. that C. which D. what
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有: （1） It is necessary, (important, natural, strange, etc.) that... （2） It is suggested,(requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...
（3）一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，desire, require，request）。
（4） 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表 “建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) + do”。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 1.Mr. Smith suggested that all of the students their exercise books. A. handed in B. should hand in
C. handing in D. that hand in
2. The teacher demanded that our examination paperhanded in at once. A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be
( 经典题)These photographs will show you_. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how our village look like
【考点5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从；no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how只能引导让步主语从句。
1.The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
2.— Could you do me a favour? — It depends on it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
3.team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
4.—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? —OK, you want. A．whichever
B．however
C．whatever
D．whoever
【考点6】that的用法
一、that用作副词
[解题指导]that用作副词修饰形容词、副词，相 当于so。
[典型例句]I earn little money each month, so Ican't afford that dear a car．
[考题回顾] Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always _______ much to do.
A ．such B. that C．more D ．very．
二、that用作代词
[解题指导]I，that用于代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。用以代替带定冠词（the）或限定词的可数名词单数或不可数名词，表特指，其后常有修饰语，常用于比较句型。
[典型例句] The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Dalian in winter.（that代替不可数名词weather)
[考题回顾]I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _______ in the city．
A ．ones B．one C ．that D．there
[解题指导]2．that用作指示代词或限定词，指较远的一个“那，那个”，或指上文已提到的两点中的前一点，其后一点用this表示。
[典型例题]Play and work are both necessary to health;＿gives us rest and＿gives us energy.
A．that；this B．one；the other C ．one；another D．this ; that
[考题回顾]It was said ______ was all ______boy had said. A．that what；what that B．what that ;that what C. what what ; that that D．that that；that that
三、名词性从句中的that
［解题总原则」that在名词性从句中作连接词有三大要诀：①that在名词性从句中不做成分；②that在名词性从句中没有意思；③that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。 [解题指导]1. that 引导主语从句的常用句型：①It+ be十形容词＋that从句，如It is important that he(should) attend the meeting.②It十be＋名词词组＋that从句，如：It is a pity that so beautiful a lady married such an ugly man．③it＋be＋v-ed＋that从句，如：It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon．④it十seems/appears等不及物动词＋that从句，如：It seems that he is wrong ．it now appears that they are in urgent need of help．
[考题回顾] ______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect． A．What B．That C，This D. Which
[解题指导]2.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词要前移；在许多带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常被移到句子后面，而用it做形式宾语。如：We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance． [考题回顾]The suit fitted him well＿the colour was little brighter． A ．except for B；except that C. except when D.besides
【答案】B【解析】这是except引导的宾语从句。
[解题指导]3 ．that引导表语从句常表示事实、真理等的实际内容，或表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。如：The fact is that he is lying．Our belief is that things will improve．
［考题回顾］1．——Don't you think it necessary that he＿to Miami but to New York?
——I agree，but the problem is＿he has refused to． A ．will not be sent；that B ．not be sent；that C ．should not be sent；what D ．should not send；what
2.One advantage of playing the guitar is_______it can give you a great deal of pleasure．
A. how B. why C．that D ．when 【答案】C【解析】 that引导表语从句。
[解题指导]4.①下列各名词可用that引导同位语从句：answer，belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，infonnation，knowledge，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth等。②that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：He told me the news that our team won．（that引导同位语从句时，that不做成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。）He told me the news that（which）was very exciting．（that引导定语从句，其在从句中做主语。） [考题回顾](2006年安徽卷)A warm thought suddenly came to me＿I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday． A ．if B．when C ．that D．which
四、定语从句中的that
[解题指导]l . that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.当先行词是way,表示方法时，引导词可用in which或that, that可 以省略。如：This is the way in which(that）I study English. 3.注意区别先行词、引导词。如Is this the＋名
词+ that从句与Is this＋名词十the one + that从句，比较：①Is this school the one
that we visited?②Is this the school that we visited? 4.注意区别定语从句与强调句型。其基本结构分别为：It is十名词＋that（which）…与It is＋介词＋名词＋that…如：It is the place that he was born in．It is in the place that he was born.5.只用that不用which的情况。①被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, much, everything, anything,nothing, none，the one, something等。②先行词被only，very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只用that。③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用that。④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用that。⑤先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。⑥被修饰词为数词时，只用that。⑦如果出现两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个用that以避免重复。⑧主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that.6．定语从句中用which而不用that的情况。①当关系代词前有介词时。如：This is the house of which the windows face south.②引导非限制性定语从which可代表先行词或前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：His dog, which was very old, became ill.③先行词是that, those时，引导词用which不用that.如:What's that which was bright in the car?④若一个句子含两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个用which.如：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 7.定语从句中用who而不用that的情况（指人）。①先行词为one，ones，anyone，all, those等并且用于指人时，引导词用who。。如:Anyone who didn't come must be punished.②在there be结构中，若主语是人，引导词只用who或whom.如：There is a person who wants to see you.③句中有两个定语从句，为避免重复，引导词一个用that，一个用who。如The teacher that was
praised at yesterday's meeting who is our English teacher will go to Beijing tomorrow.④间隔性定语从句（先行词指人并有较长的后置定语）中用who。如：He was the only in the office who was invited to the ball．⑤当先行词为人称代词时，关系词用who.如：He who doesn't go
to the Great Wall is not a true man．8．The same…that…表示同一物或人；the same …as...表示相似的东西。如：This is the same knife that I lost．This is the same knife as I lost．
[考题回顾]1.All the passengers and suitcases＿were still waiting on the broken-down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus． A. they B．who C ．that D. which
2.When we talk about Wuxi, the first ______ comes into mind is Tai Lake． A．that B．which C．what D．as 【答案】A
【解析】先行词是序数词时，关系代词用that.
3.This is the very reason _______ he was late for． A. that B．why C .which D．as
五、状语从句中的that
［解题指导]1．引导原因状语从句，表原因或理由“因为，由于”。如Not that... but that.... now that…等。形容词glad, sorry，afraid，pleased，satisfied,delighted, proud等也可接一个由that引导的原因状语从句，其中that可省略。
[典型例句」1．Not that I'm unwilling to go with you, but that I'm busy now．（不是因为我不愿意和你去，而是因为现在我太忙。）
2 ．We feel proud（that）our country is gettingstronger and stronger． [考题回顾」1．_____you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A .Now that B.After C .Although D.As soon as
2 ．Not that John doesn't want to help you，＿it's beyond his power． A ．but that B．for that C．and that D．in that
3．With his work completed, the business man stepped back to his seat，feeling
pleased ____ he was a man of action． A ．which B．that C ．what D．whether 【答案】B
【解析】that引导原因状语从句。
［解题指导]2.引导目的状语从句常用that, so that, in order that, for fear that等，其谓语常含may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词。
[典型例句] They set out early that they might arrive at the station in good time． [考题回顾]Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter． A．because B ．so that C ．even if D．as
[解题指导]3.引导结果状语从句，常用so...that（从句中无情态动词）。常用句式为：①so＋adj./adv．＋that从句②so＋ad就．＋冠词＋n．＋that从句③so＋many/few/much/little十pl. /n.＋that从句④such十冠词＋adj .十n.＋that从句 [典型例句]1．She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her． 2 ．She is such a good girl that she can help you.
［温馨提示] She is such a little girl that her parents often teach her something.（little作“小”讲时，其前用such）
[考题回顾]His plan was such a good one＿we all agreed to accepted it． A ．so B．and C ．that D．as
六、强调句型中的that
［解题指导］在\is... that...”强调句型中，that只是一种形式，不做任何成分，只起强调作用，指人时that可换成who。这种强调句型没有改变句子原有成分，去掉“It is（was）... that…”原句是一个完整的句子。
[考题回顾]1．It was not until she got home＿Jennifer realized she had lost her
keys．
A．when B ．that C ．where D．before
2.It is what you do rather than what you say＿matters． A ．that B．what C ．which D．this
3. Is it the years ＿ you worked in the factory＿have agood effect on your literary works?
A．that；where B ．that；that C ．when；where D．when；that
4.I really don't know ______ I had my money stolen． A．when was it that B. that it was when C ．where it was that D ．it was where that
【考点7】that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。
如：She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job. 【考点8】介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。但在介词besides，except，in，but后可用that引导宾语从句。
The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【考点9】定语从句与同位语从句中that的区别，主要看that在从句中有没有语法作用。 定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，有时可以与 which 互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如：fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解释名词的含义或内容，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
例如：The football star Henry expressed the hope that he would come to visit China
again in 2008. 同位语从句，从句就是hope的内容；
The hope the football star Henry expressed is that he would come to visit China again in 2008. 定语从句，从句修饰hope，是“表达的”愿望。
1. The news our team won the match was true. A. if B. that C. whether D. why
2.Awarm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
【难点探究】
1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析
Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's _______the best jobs are. A. where B.what C.when D.why
2.考查what的用法
(1)____matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B.Why C.Where D. Which
(2)____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B.Which C.What D. As 【答案】C
【解析】what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that. 3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用
Choosing the right dictionary depends on_________you want to use it for. A. what B.why C.how D. whether
4.考查whatever等的用法
Could I speak to____is in charge of Intemational Sales, please? A. anyone B.someone C.whoever D. no matter who
5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用
Having checked the doors were closed, and____all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B.that C.when D. ours 【答案】B
【解析】that在此用于引导宾语从句，用作动词check的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中的现在分词having checked带有两个宾语从句(that) the doors were closed和that all the lights were off，只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词that。 6.考查同位语从句的运用
A warm thought suddenly came to me_____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday. A. if B.when C.that D. which
【历届高考】
【2012辽宁卷】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
【2012四川卷】17. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether
【2012陕西卷】20. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A whatever
B. whichever
C. whenever
D. wherever
【2012天津卷】It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.
A.
whether D.when
B. how
C. if
【2012北京卷】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
【2012江西卷】25．It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
A．whether
B．where
C．which
D．that
【2012湖南】6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. when
【2012重庆卷】34. Evdence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how C. whether D. that
【2012浙江卷】4.I made a promise to myself______ high school, would be different. A. whether
B. what
C. that
this year, my first year in
D. how
【考点】名词性从句—同位语从句 【答案】C
【解析】that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。 【2012江苏卷】27.The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed. A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. how
【举一反三】同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如： The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the
people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。 2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如： The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
【试题延伸】(2011·天津)Modern science has given clear evidence ____________smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where）]
点拨. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题考查名词性从句(同位语从句)。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。
【2012安徽卷】27.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth,
but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【答案】B
【解析】首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these limits 【作为句子主语】will depend on his environment.
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【2012全国新课程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【2012山东卷】25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how
B. whether D. why
C. what
【2012福建卷】35. We promiseattends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
2011北京卷 22happiness. A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and
2011北京卷 31The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. A. what
B. how
C. that
D. why
2011上海卷 35There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all
to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what 答案D
考点考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
解析句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。 2011上海卷 38The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact
B. if
C. how
D. that
opposite of _____ others actually understand.
A. why
B. that
C. which
D. what
2011山东卷 26I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______
he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why 答案D
考点考查表语从句。
解析句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本
文“which is..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
2011山东卷 33it.
A. where
B. what
C. whether
D. which
We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept
2011江西卷 26.The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A. this 答案C
考点考察宾语从句和主语从句。
解析村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。 2011江苏卷 26sooner.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident
B. that
C. what
D. which
2011安徽卷 33His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how 答案D
考点考查名词性从句。
解析句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That
C. who
D. what
在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。 2011四川卷 10Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who
we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
2011辽宁卷 23to read first.
Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______
A. what B. who C. how D. why 答案C
考点考查名词性从句。
解析句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach ______ to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。 2011辽宁卷 32in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because
When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve
2011天津卷 13Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead
to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
2011陕西卷 15I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had
the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what 答案D
考点考查名词性从句中的表语从句。
解析后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。 2011重庆卷 22It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should
be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where
2011重庆卷 34It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new
invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
2011湖南卷)31Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
〖10福建〗We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
〖10湖南〗Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew
she was so angry. A. where 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查名词性从句。
〖解析〗该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。
〖10天津〗As a new graduate, he doesn’t knowit takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which
B. whether C. that
D. why
〖10北京〗 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
〖10浙江〗—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? —OK, you want. A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查引导词。
〖解析〗句意：“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
〖10浙江〗It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
〖10上海〗One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
〖10湖北〗The news ________（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
〖10山东〗Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
〖10上海〗When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know.
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
〖10四川〗How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely onhe goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查介词后的宾语从句。
〖解析〗根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。” 〖10全国Ⅰ〗We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where
〖10湖北〗I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how
〖10全国Ⅱ〗—Have you finished the book?
---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave. A.which B.what C.hat D.where
〖10江苏〗—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A.where B.how C.when D.what
〖10北京〗Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查表语从句。
〖解析〗从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
〖09湖南〗She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
〖09江西〗The fact has worried many scientists ______the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
〖09北京〗At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_____it got any better.
A. when B. how C. why D. if
〖09全国I〗Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? A. who 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗我能够和负责国际业务的人谈谈吗？whoever既作了 to 的宾语, 又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词, ／any person who／the person who／ “任何人”、 “无论谁”、 “……的人”。
〖09海南〗One of the most important questions they had to consider wasof public health A. what
B. this C. that
D. which
B. what C. whoever D. whatever
〖09陕西〗The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
〖09上海〗As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
〖09四川〗News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
〖09天津〗It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
〖09浙江〗－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? －No problem. A. When
B. that
C. whether
D. what
〖09重庆〗We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
〖09江苏〗Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. A.
as
B.
that C. which D. what
〖09陕西〗The how-to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A who B whomever C no matter who D whoever 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗这本指南书对想要从事这项工作的都人会有帮助。宾语从句中缺少主语, 排除B；no matter who虽然意思上和whoever相同, 但只能引导让步状语从句, 也排除。Whoever
既作主语中动词或介词的宾语, 又作从句中的主语, 相当于anyone who;who不具备这种语法功能。答案D。
〖09山东〗The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait for her mother.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
〖08北京〗The companies are working together to createthey hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which who
B. that
C. what
D.
〖08天津〗The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where
B. how
C. when
D. why
〖08安徽〗Students are always interested in finding out＿＿＿they can go with a new teacher. A. how far
B. how soon
C. how often
D. how long
〖08湖南〗When asked they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A.what
B.why
C.whom
D.which
〖08陕西〗Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what where
B. which
C. that
D.
〖08重庆〗People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years. A.that
B.which
C.what
D.how
〖08浙江〗Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. A. what
B. that
C. which
D. one
〖08福建〗 is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A.It B.What C.As D.Which
〖08山东〗 was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A.It
B.This
C.What
D.As
〖07全国Ⅱ〗matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What
B.Why
C.Where
D.Which
〖07天津〗The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands makeit is. A.what
B.which
C.how
D.where
〖07安徽〗You can only be sure ofyou have at present; you cannot be sure of somethingyou might get in the future. A.that;what 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗what引导宾语从句, 并在从句中作宾语；that引导定语从句, 并在从句中作宾语, 可以省略。
B.what;/
C.which;that
D./;that
〖07湖南〗Having checked the doors were closed, andall the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A.why
B.that
C.when
D.where
〖07陕西〗parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A.That
B.Which
C.What
D.As
〖07浙江〗Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’sthe best jobs are. A.where
B.what
C.when
D.why
〖07福建〗It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself. A.how
B.what
C.which
D.when
〖07江苏〗Choosing the right dictionary depends onyou want to use it for. A.what 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语, what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语, 其
B.why
C.how
D.whether
他选项为副词或连词, 无此作用。
〖07山东〗Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales, please? A.anyone
B.someone
C.whoever
D.no matter who
〖07山东〗worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A.This
B.That
C.What
D.It
〖06全国Ⅰ〗See the flags on top of the building? That waswe did this morning. A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what
〖06全国Ⅱ〗—What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me doI think I should. A.when
B.that
C.how
D.what
〖06北京〗— Could you do me a favor? — It depends onit is. A.which
B.whichever
C.what
D.whatever
〖06天津〗What we used to thinkimpossible now does seem possible. A.is
B.was
C.has been
D.will be
〖06山东〗team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what
B.No matter which
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
〖06安徽〗A warm thought suddenly came to meI might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A.if
B.when
C.that
D.which
〖06四川〗—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night. A.which 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗that引导同位语从句。
B.that
C.what
D.when
〖解析〗which引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；when引导定语从句缺少表时间的先行词。 〖06辽宁〗makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What
B.Who
C.Whatever
D.Whoever
〖05全国Ⅰ〗Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game. A.why
B.what
C.who
D.that
〖05天津〗Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth. A./
B.whether
C.how D.what
〖05辽宁〗Do you have any ideais actually going on in the classroom? A.that 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查同位语从句。
〖解析〗在这里, 所填词引导的从句是对前面名词idea内容的解释, 所以应是同位语从句。同位语从句中缺主语, 根据题意, 答案应为what。
〖05山东〗The shopkeeper did not want to sell forhe thought was not enough. A.where
B.how
C.what
D.which
B.what
C.as
D.which
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查了引导名词性从句的连词的用法。
〖解析〗四个选项中只有what和which可以在从句中充当主语, 而which 在名词从句中意为“哪一个”, 因此在本题中意思不对, 故选择C。句意为：店主不想以在他看来不足够高的价钱来卖东西。
〖05浙江〗Danby left word with my secretaryhe would call again in the afternoon. A.who
B.that
C.as
D.which
〖05福建〗Mum is coming.What presentfor your birthday? A.you expect she has got
B.you expect has she got
D.do you expect has she got
C.do you expect she has got
〖05湖南〗I was surprised by her words, which made me recognizesilly mistakes I had made. A.what
B.that
C.how
D.which
〖05重庆〗The old lady’s hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before, and, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. A.when;how
B.how;when
C.how;how
D.why;why
〖05江西〗The way he did it was differentwe were used to. A.in which
B.in what
C.from what
D.from which
〖05安徽〗Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longerit was 20 years ago, it was so poorly equipped. A.what;when
B.that;which
C.what;which
D.which;that
〖04广东〗Parents are taught to understandimportant education is to their children’s future. A.that 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗本题关键是对句子的理解和语序的安排。抛开从句不看的话, 从句中的原句应该是：Education is important to their children’s future。强调important, 用how来修饰, 再把它提前, 所以应该选how。
〖04全国Ⅰ〗You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this isI disagree. A.why
B.where
C.what
D.how
B.how
C.such
D.so
〖04全国Ⅰ〗The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ________they insist on going by motorbike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
〖04天津〗A modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago. A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
〖04北京〗We can’t figure outquite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A.that
D.when
B.as
C.why
〖04湖南〗I think father would like to knowI’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A.which 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗此句关键在于弄清短语be up to该短语意思是：忙于, 从事, 其中to为介词, 所
B.why
C.what
D.how
以需要一个代词, 根据句意, 只能用what。
〖04上海春〗The other day, my brother drove his car down the street atI thought was a dangerous speed. A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that
〖04上海春〗Along with the letter was his promisehe would visit me this coming Christmas. A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
〖03上海〗It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A.that
B. when
C. what
D. how
〖03上海春〗_____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That’ because 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查主语从句和表语从句。
〖解析〗What引导主语从句, 在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句, 在表语从句中起连接作用。
〖03安徽春〗People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see ____ he will do. A.
how
B.
what
C.
when D. that
〖03北京春〗--- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? --- Oh, that’s _________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
〖02上海〗When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule. Always give the monkey ______ he wants. A.
what
B.
which
C.
when D. that
〖02上海春〗-- I think it is going to be a big problem. --- Yes, it could be.
--- I wonder _____ we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗因为做的是do的宾语, 只能是what如果原句改为I wonder ( )to do about it.就应该是用how
〖02上海〗There’s a feeling in me _______we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
〖02上海〗Perseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
〖02上海春〗_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查主语从句。
〖解析〗这是一个含有主语从句的句子。因为主语从句是一个完整的句子, 不缺少主语或宾语。所以要填That。译文：国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异。答案为B。
〖02上海春〗There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars
_________ road conditions need_________.
A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved
C. where ...improving D .when...improving 〖答案〗A
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