专题三 介词和介词短语
考点1 介 词
表示\时间\的介词★★★
典例1 [2020成都毕业班摸底测试,61]Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on movable type March 1st.
句意:3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了第一节\活字课\。此处March 1st为特定的某一天,所以应用介词on。
on
典例2 [2019广东深圳耀华实验学校高三检测,68]She worked six in the morning to six in the evening.
句意:她从早上6点工作到晚上6点。from...to...表示\从……到……\。 from
表示\地点、方位\的介词★★★
典例3 The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, tunnels and rivers.
through表示从物体内部通过,across表示从物体表面横过。故第一空填through,表示\从隧道里面穿过\第二空填across,表示\横穿河面\。
through; across
表示\工具或手段\的介词:by, with, in, on ★★☆
典例4 [2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),70]In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
此处指用手吃饭,故填with。 with
表示\关于\的介词:of, about, on★★☆
典例5 [2019河北衡水中学高三二调,69]According to Miao, policies promoting the development of digital economy will also be published in the country.
此处表示\关于促进数字经济发展的政策\故填介词on,表示\关于\。 on
考点2 介词短语及搭配
常见的介词短语★★★
典例6 Many English people, travelling away from home, feel a loss if their favourite tea bags are not available.
at a loss意为\困惑,不知所措\是固定搭配,故用介词at。 at
典例7 In this fast-changing and competitive world, many people are heavy pressure.
语境表示\很多人都承受着巨大的压力\表示\承受压力\。 under
典例8 [2019河南中原名校高三第一次质量考评,65]Thanks Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation.
句意:茶享有盛誉,这多亏清朝的乾隆皇帝。这里应用短语Thanks to表示\因为,多亏\故填介词to。 to
其他词类与介词的常见搭配
典例9 [2020陕西部分学校摸底考试,68]We found that singing as part of a group contributes people’s recovery from mental health problems.
句意:我们发现合唱有助于人们从精神健康问题中康复。contribute to 是固定搭配,意为\出一份力,起一份作用\故填to。
to
考法1 考查介词的搭配
典例10 [2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),68]After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before
going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
degree与介词in搭配,表示某专业的学位。故填in。 in
考法总结 本题考查名词与介词的搭配,某专业的学位应用介词in。高考往往着重考查介词的搭配。 典例11 [2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),64]Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
句意:我们中的大多数人早上会比我们一天中的晚些时候更加专注于我们的工作。固定短语be on
考法总结 高考有时考查短语的变式,比如本题就是考查focus...on的形容词短语形式。 focused on 意为\专注于……\。故填on。
考法2 考查单一介词
典例12 [2018浙江6月,65]If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next
time you go to your mum’s home dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.
句意:如果你不想被这个问题所困,那么我建议,下次你去你妈妈家吃晚饭时,从她那儿获得一些有关烹饪for
考法总结 此题考查的是介词for表示\目的\,属于其基本含义。for的其他常考用法有:①(表示去向)往,向,如leave for(动身去……); ②表示对象、用途;③表示一段时间,如for two years (两年); ④因为,由于;⑤就……而言。
的窍门儿。空格后的名词dinner是\mum’s home\的目的,所以要用介词for表示目的。
难点1 同一介词所表达的多种含义
典例13 [2020石家庄毕业班摸底考试,68]Holmwood, who translated A Hero Born, told China Daily,
\
Chinese fiction abroad.\
句意:翻译《英雄诞生》(《射雕英雄传》第1卷)的Holmwood告诉《中国日报》:\在国外,对中国小说来说,这是一个重要历程。\此处用介词for表示\就……而言\。
for
典例14 [2014重庆,7]She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.
句意:她车开得太快了,在拐弯处汽车几乎偏离了公路。此处off表示\偏离\。 off
典例15 [2019北京中央民族大学附属中学高三检测,2] —Can David take charge of the international department? —I’m afraid it’s his ability.
句意:——戴维能负责国际部吗?——恐怕这超出了他的能力。根据空前的afraid可知,此处表示\超出(beyond)了他的能力\。
beyond
典例16 [2019福建厦门双十中学高三模拟, 80]At the end of the trip, I came home a great sense of fulfillment.
with在此表示\具有,带有\表示\带着一种极大的满足感\。 with
典例17 In my opinion, wine improves age, and it is the same with friendship.
句意:依我看,年份越久远酒香越醇厚,友谊也一样。with\随着……\符合句意。 with
难点2 介词的省略
典例18 I had great difficulty (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
分析句子结构可知,题干中含有have difficulty (in) doing sth.结构,在该结构中介词in可省略。 finding
方法1 分析具体语境,注意介词含义
典例19 We should talk about the things the children’s understanding in a simple way.
句意:我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond\超出, 为……所不能及\符合beyond 句意。
方法2 积累介词的用法,注意一词多义
典例20 You should fly your kite the wind, or it cannot fly high.
句意:你应该逆着风放风筝,否则它飞不高。 against\逆着\符合句意。 against
方法3 体会英语本义,注意介词的习惯搭配
典例21 In some cases, different approaches the same scientific problem lead to conflicting
theories.
句意:在某些情况下,对同一个科学难题(所采用的)方法不同,会得出相互矛盾的看法。approach to\……to
的方法\是习惯搭配。
1.[2020浙江1月,59]This aging of the population is driven two factors.
2.[2019全国Ⅰ,63]Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed
only since the mid-1980s...
3.[2019浙江6月,61]The answer this question is not clear.
4.[2018全国I,65]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more
effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
5.[2018全国Ⅲ,67]I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been
observing.
6.[2018浙江11月,60]One cup of coffee the late afternoon or evening will cause them to
stay awake almost all night.
7.[2017江苏,33]—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?
—It’s nothing. Just something the top of my head.
8.[2016天津,8]Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice
her opinion on the subject.
9.[2015陕西,12]The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street. 10.[2015浙江,17]These comments came response to specific questions often asked by
local newsmen.
11.[2014陕西,14]The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech
Contest.
1.by 句意:这种人口老龄化现象是由两个因素造成的。表示\由,被\应用介词by。
2.of/for 句意:自20世纪80年代中期以来,人们才使用现代的方法来追踪北极熊的数量……。method of/for doing sth.表示\做某事的方法\。
3.to the answer to this question为固定用法,表示\这个问题的答案\,故用介词to。
4.than 根据句中的more可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示\定期跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效延长寿命\。故填than。
5.for search for意为\寻找\,为固定搭配。
6.in in the late afternoon or evening为固定表达, 意为\在傍晚或晚上\。
7.off 题干中的\说明T恤衫上的东西不是精心设计的,因此用off,off the top of one’s head 意为\即兴地,不假思索地\。
8.to 根据题干内容可知,此处指玛丽最终说出了自己的观点。give voice to\表达(想法)\,符合语境。 9.by 句意:这位小学生抓着他奶奶的胳膊,然后护送她过马路。take sb. by the arm是固定用法,意思是\抓住某人的胳膊\。
10.in 句意:这些解释是用来回答当地新闻记者经常提出的特定的问题的。in response to意为\回答,答复\,为固定用法。
11.with 句意:那位长着蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。分析句子结构可知,此处要用介词短语作定语,修饰The Scottish girl;表示\带有……\,要用介词with。
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