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雅思阅读同义替换词大总结

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雅思阅读中同义替换词大总结 1. 限制:limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict, cap,

narrow(v.): 这个词大家以前使用的时候一般都是作为形容词来用,这里强调下它的动词的用法。 E.g. We are working on narrowing the gap between our points of view. 缩小差距

E.g. We’re working to narrow down the list of possible suspects. E.g. The smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing. define (v.): 这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给……下定义, 这个意思和限制并不矛盾,什么叫下定义?就是描述出一个事物的轮廓,所以定义就是在一个给定的范围内给一个事物限定的特定的意思。(define的英文解释: If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like)

E.g. The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine the outcome of court cases.

cap (n./v.): 这个词最常用的意思是帽子的意思,作为限制的意思再形象不过了。E.g. The government has placed a cap on local council spending. snow-capped mountains 补充信息:魔兽世界(WOW)的资料片燃烧的远征(TBC)刚刚推出的时候,在官网上就有这么句话:An increase in the level cap to 70 大家不妨体会下这句话中的cap的意思(当然了,有游戏功底的理解起来相当的easy,再次强调本人的原则: 游戏不是坏事,能学以致用就好)

在NBA里面就有工资帽这种说法(工资帽的概念1984年被引入,NBA联盟和球员工会之间首先进行谈判,只有双方同意,工资帽才被正式公布。每年NBA的工资帽都在增加,1997-98赛季是2690万美元,上赛季是4384万美元,而如今则是4387万美元。那么什么是工资帽呢?工资帽的具体数额和NBA前一年的总收入密切相关。具体来说,这个工资帽是根据NBA前一年的总收入,然后取这个总收入的48%作为NBA球队花钱的资本,再拿这个48%后的收入再除以29(NBA上赛季球队总数),得出的平均数就是当年的工资帽,各球队花在球员身上的工资总额不得超过这个数字。)

2. 集中,聚焦于:focus on, concentrate on, aim, spotlight, be engrossed in, lay/place/put

emphasis on, deal only with, highlight, spotlight(v./n.): 本意是聚光灯的意思

E.g. A new report has turned the spotlight on the problem of poverty in the inner cities. E.g. The report has turned the spotlight on the startling rise in street crime. E.g. Unemployment is once again in the spotlight. E.g. The article spotlights the problems of the homeless. engross (v.): 全神贯注于某事

E.g. The scene was stunning, and for a time engrossed all our attention. E.g. He was so engrossed in his book that he didn’t hear her come in. highlight(v./n.): 本意为用高亮度标记

E.g. The incident has served to highlight the problems of urban deprivation.| highlight 作名词用表示一系列事情的亮点,高潮,最精彩所在,

E.g. That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip. E.g. The highlight of the trip was visiting the Great Wall of China.

3. 现代的,最新的:contemporary, modern, current, present, recent, up-to-date, latest

这里需要注意latest不要翻成最晚的,是最新的,最近的意思

up-to-date(a.): 最新的

E.g. They have access to up-to-date information through a computer database. latest (a.):最新的

E.g. the latest fashions from the Paris catwalks. contemporary: 现代的,这个词准确的来说和最近的(latest)意思还是有区别的,不果的阅读考试大部分词考得都是词和词之间的相关性,其实也不太有可能两个词的意思是完全一样的,一般来说只要他们意思相关,并且不发生矛盾的话,我们就可以认为他们之间是同义词。这也就是为什么contemporary会和latest在一组的原因了。

4. 增长:grow, increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket,

improve: 这个词在这里需要强调下,这个词在某些特定的场合下甚至可以表示下降的意思,例如:犯罪率在improve,像这种不好的事情得到了改善 soar (v.): 飙升

E.g. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks. rocket(v./n.):作名词是火箭的意思, 动词: 直线上升

E.g. Stock prices rocketed to their highest level yesterday.这组词在阅读和写作当中可能会发生词性的变化,主要是形容词,动词和名词这三种间的转换。

grow-growing-growth; increase-increasing-increase; expand-expanding- expansion; rise-rising-rise; improve-improved-improvement; extend- extended- extension; climb-climbing-climb

5. 悲观的,忧郁的: pessimistic, gloomy, depressed, depressing, hopeless, sad, blue, unhappy,

low-spirited, mournful, dismal, miserable, glum, broken-hearted

dumps(informal), pessimistic(a.):悲观的

E.g. Doctors are pessimistic about his chances of making a full recovery. gloomy (a.): 衰退的, 忧郁的,

E.g. Frank dismissed these gloomy thoughts from her mind. blue (a.): 这个词可以解释为蓝调即悲伤忧郁的音乐,不过只能用复数形式blues

E.g. She usually calls her mother when she’s feeling blue. blue这个词还有高贵的意思,例如这个短语:blue-blooded 表示出生于皇室家族或者社会地位很高的家族 blue book这个词大家可千万不要多想,它一般指英国官方发布的蓝皮书(封面通常是蓝色的)(yellow pages黄页即包含电话号码和公司地址的黄色封面的书)

blue movie色情电影,不过这种用法差不多已经过时了,现在一般都说porn movie blue chip 蓝筹股即表现优异的,或者值得投资的股票 blue collar蓝领

6. 加速,前进:accelerate, speed up, advance, hasten, quicken, develop, hurry,

accelerate(v.):物理学中的加速度就是这个单词

E.g. The decline of her health seemed to suddenly accelerate. develop (v.): 发展,也就是说现在的速度比原先的快才能叫发展,所以develop和和加速这个意思是属于相关词

在这里需要强调一下,英文当中越简单的东西,它的用法是越丰富的,这里简单列几个develop常用的几个词条

develop liver disease 得病

, down in

the

develop the pictures 冲照片 advance(v.): 进步,前进

E.g. The group's research has done much to advance our knowledge of the HIV virus.

7. 相似的,相同的similar, alike, resemble, same, resemble, identical, still(这个词需要体会),

analogous, twin,

alike (a.): E.g. The two versions of the text are alike in many ways.

resemble (v.): E.g. Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely resemble real combat. identical (a.): E.g. This house is almost identical to the one where I lived as a child. still: 仍然 这个词放在这里大家不要觉得很奇怪,大家想想看,如果两句话用still相连接,是不是表示两句话当中肯定有相同的事情发生呢?例:十多年过去了,我仍然……后半句话我没有写完,但相信大家都能看出我在十年后肯定有和十年前相同的地方。所以still是个信号词,是same的相关词

analogous (a.): E.g. Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.

twin (n./v./a.): 记住阿娇和阿萨就记住这个单词了,本意是双胞胎的意思

E.g. identical twin E.g. the twin problems of poverty and unemployment/ Meet my twin sister. E.g. The opera twins the themes of love and death. E.g. Chichester in England is twinned with Chartres in France.

8. 颜色colour(red, blue, brown, etc.),hue, pigment, shade, tint, tone, dye,

首先需要和大家说明的是colour的同义词并不是很多,从上的变化来看,对颜色的变化集中在将colour变成几种具体的颜色,这需要大家在考试的时候尤其注意。 hue (n.): 色彩/观点,信念

E.g. Her paintings capture the subtle hues of the countryside in autumn. E.g. political opinions of every hue (= of many kinds) 表示深色的形容词:dark, deep, rich

表示浅色的形容词:light, pale, soft, pastel

表示颜色很鲜艳,很亮的形容词:bright, brilliant, vivid, shade (n.): 色调,颜色的深浅

E.g. a delicate / pale / rich / soft shade of red pigment, dye (n.): 颜料,染料

tint和tone不需要掌握,大家只需要知道他们两个都是表示颜色的,只需要看到认识,不需要掌握用法。 9. 重

,

,

important,significant,seminal,weighty,critical,momentous,vital,essential,crucial,indispensable,necessary,key,pivotal, chief, principal, leading, historic, (反义词:unimportant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, insignificant)

这组词不仅在阅读中很重要,在写作中也尤为值得一提,这组词直接的或者间接的都表示重要的意思。 significant (a. ): E.g. Volunteer tutoring programs can have a significant impact on student achievement.

significant还可以表示变化很大或者大量的意思:

E.g. A significant number of drivers still refuse to wear seat belts. critical (a.): 至关重要的,危及的

E.g. Foreign trade is of critical importance to the economy. Eight people were killed and four are still in a critical condition. 题外话:critical point在游戏中可以指暴击点数的意思 momentous(a. ): 有意义的

E.g. The revolution taking place in Eastern Europe must be counted as one of the most momentous events of this century. vital (a.): E.g. Regular exercise is vital for your health. E.g. The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy. (of vital importance= very important)

vital signs: 生命特征(判断一个人是否还活着,例如心跳,体温等) indispensable (a.): 必不可少的

E.g. International cooperation is indispensable to resolving the problem of the drug trade. necessary:这个词可以说是这组词里最简单,但也是最容易弄错的一个,很多学生都会说必要的和重要的是有不同的:重要的不一定是必要的,但必要的一定是重要的。关于这点的解释大家可以参考上面的similar和same的解释。

10. 紧急的,迫不及待的,临近的urgent, pressing, crucial, critical, immediate, emergent,

pressing(a.): E.g. Poverty is a more pressing problem than pollution. immediate (a. ): 急切的,迫切的,接近/临近的(这个词条非常常用,特别是后面接地点的时候,基本上都是表示接近和靠近的意思)

E.g. There is an immediate danger of war.

E.g. It is a thriving shopping centre for the people who live in the immediate (=local) area. immediate family: 直系亲属(父母, 子女,兄弟姐妹等)

11. 长期的,慢性的chronic, persistent, long-term, habitual, long-standing, 反义词:acute

chronic(a.): 这个单词的本意是慢性的,引申出长期的意思,或者说是这个单词的解释中包含长期的意思。

E.g. chronic heart disease

E.g. There is a chronic shortage of teachers.

E.g. He was a chronic alcoholic and unable to hold down a job. /chronic gambler chron-这个前缀和时间有关,chronicle 编年史(把历史事件按照时间来排列编成的一本书)(来自希腊神话中宙斯(Zeus)他老爸的名字:Cronos。该神害怕自己的子女反抗自己,曾吞食了自己的后代,就象时间的无情,吞噬一切---利用古罗马,古希腊的神话故事来背单词是种不错的培养兴趣的背单词的方法, 而且在的写作中有很多还可以用得上, 何乐而不为,在随后的词条中会陆续介绍)chronometer 计时仪(常用语科学领域的) habitual (a.): 习惯性的(养成习惯了,那肯定是长期形成的)

E.g. an habitual smoker/drinker/liar/criminal

long-standing (a.): E.g. a long-standing relationship/debate

12. 人工的,人造的,合成的artificial, synthetic, false, man-made, manufactured, artificial

intelligence(AI)=machine reasoning artificial (a.): 人工的

E.g. an artificial limb / flower / sweetener / fertilizer/colours synthetic (a.): 人工合成的

E.g. synthetic rubber

false (a.): 假的,错误的(在某些时候人工的,合成的,不就是大家眼中的假货么?不是到大家有没有看过前段时间电视台的那个激情四溢的侯总,他说的仿钻不就是我们所说的假货么,大家好好体会) false teeth/hair/eyelashes etc 假牙/假发/假睫毛

false friend: 就是来自一对不同两个语言的词(或者是两个字母表中的字母)看起来或者是听起来相仿,但是意义完全不同.例如busboy看上去很像是汽车售票员,确是表示餐厅勤杂工的意思(这样的例子还有很多)

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