2019届进才高三周练
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary.
Section A
People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way ___21___（make）extra money while they work other jobs.
The company announced recently that one of its ___22___（popular）professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out ___23___ industries its American hosts work in.
The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified ___24___ as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are approximately ___25___ 75,000 hosts living in households with a teacher.
The study did not provide data from hosts about ___26___ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting ___27___ help.
Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution to the current problems ___28___（face）many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an“important tool”to help teachers make extra money and give them“the respect and dignity”they have earned.
The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb ___29___（continue）to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas ___30___（propose）or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.
Section B A. guarantees B. pension C. containing D. financial E. comfortably F. maturity G. delicately H. alternative I. measure J. funds K. security Pension bonds are an original idea for providing retirement income When people stop working, they need a retirement income. Some are lucky enough to have an employer-provided ___31___ linked to their salary. Everyone else faces a difficult choice. Some keep their pension pot in cash and watch for fear that it might be damaged by inflation. Others use savings products with high fees and risk being hurt by a stock market downturn. A third option is an annuity, which ___32___ a lifelong income but vanishes at death, even if that is a week after retirement.
Lionel Martellini of EDHEC, a French business school, and Robert Merton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（a Nobel laureate in economics）have come up with a(n) ___33___. Workers would buy government-issued bonds while in employment; these would pay no interest until retirement. Over the next 20 years（the typical life expectancy on retirement）bond holders would receive payments ___34___ interest plus the return of the capital. These would be linked to inflation, or another ___35___ such as average consumption. So a worker born in 1970, say, would buy a bond that made payments from 2035 until 2055. Every ___36___ innovation needs an acronym, and these are called SeLFIES（Standard of Living Indexed, Forward-starting Income-only Securities）.
They would act somewhat like annuities, though without protecting against the risk of living much longer than expected. One big advantage is that if holders die before the ___37___ date, the capital would be passed to their heirs. They could also be attractive to corporate pension ___38___ and institutions such as Sovereign-Wealth Funds（主权财富基金）. But if bond interests stay as low as they are now, workers will still need a big pension pot to be able to retire ___39___. The average pension pot of an American aged 40-55 is $14,500. That will not generate much income, whatever ___40___ it buys.
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Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension.
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Warning: Don’t make big decisions from high elevations
You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. But who could have thought our decisions are literally influenced by altitude?
As in, what floor you happen to be on when pondering something over. If it’s a high elevation, like the top floor of an office tower, chances are you’ll embrace ___41___ a little more than you would on the ground floor, according to researchers from Miami University. The study, published this month in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, suggests you may want a(n) ___42___ advisor to work from a ground-floor office rather than the penthouse. And it gives new, literal ___43___ to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions.“When you increase elevation there is a(n) ___44___ effect on the sense of power,”lead author Sina Esteky, PhD, noted in a release.“This heighted feeling of power ___45___ in more risk-seeking behavior.”
For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building. They found the ___46___ of the elevator strongly influenced the level of risk-aversion（风险预防）among participants. They were more likely, ___47___, to take more gambles on the way to the 74th floor—but their decisions became far more grounded as they neared, well, the ground.
Another experiment ___48___ on people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building. Each group was asked to make 10 decisions of ___49___ risk levels. Guess which group made the most risky decisions? What was it about higher elevations that emboldened（赋予勇气）the participants? Researchers theorized it could have something to do with the perception that elevation gives people a(n) ___50___ of power and bravery.
Risk seems a lot smaller when seen from above—literally. That idea seemed to hold ___51___ in further experiments. When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect ___52___ disappeared. Likewise,“elevation effect”wasn’t a factor at all for people confined to cubicles who couldn’t see how high up they were.
“The important lesson is that when people become aware of the ___53___ impact of elevation, it doesn’t happen anymore,”Esteky says.“The brain is very sensitive to subtle ___54___ factors, but also really good at correcting for such effects, so ___55___ can help us be more rational in our decisions.”
41. A. function B. risk C. process D. sense 42. A. crucial B. social C. financial D. economical 43. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure 44. A. intended B. aware C. subconscious D. conscientious 45. A. takes B. results C. leads D. comes 46. A. field B. respect C. direction D. period 47. A. in general B. by contrast C. in conclusion D. for instance 48. A. chased B. focused C. hurried D. ran 49. A. increasing B. rising C. varying D. decreasing 50. A. sense B. change C. difference D. impression 51. A. deliberate B. delicate C. real D. true 52. A. fortunately B. completely C. mostly D. barely 53. A. potential B. huge C. extra D. eager
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54. A. temporary 55. A. discipline
Section B
B. past B. satisfaction C. seasonal C. awareness D. situational D. confidence
（A）
The day of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.
Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.
I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.
The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote，\forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing-not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.\
I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.
56. There is no more hunting in India now partly because _____. A. It is dangerous to hunt there B. hunting is already out of date C. hunters want to protect animals D. there are few animals left to hunt 57. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly _____. A. to make the countryside safe B. to earn people’s admiration C. to gain power and influence D. to improve their health 58. What is the most probably reason for big-game hunting? A. To hunt for old animals. B. To mistreat animals. C. To hunt for food. D. To hunt for money. 59. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen? A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face. B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons. C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers. D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.
（B）
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Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking “send” too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. Writing the wrong time
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). Clicking “reply all” unintentionally
You accidentally reveal to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
60. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _____. A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone
61. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A. Try offering other choices. B. Avoid further involvement. C. Meet other staff members. D. Make a light-hearted apology. 62. What is the passage mainly about? A. Defining email errors. B. Reducing email mistakes. C. Handling email accidents. D. Improving email writing.
（C）
The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework（the Ref）has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4 papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate（复制）studies.
The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear aga-in if the experiment is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear-casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.
Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought. Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology, however-many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.
Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we
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