un-＋动词(意义相反) uncover揭开 undress脱衣服 2．表示否定意义的后缀 名词＋-less→否定意义的形容词 usen.用处；用途 hopen.希望 homen．家
uselessadj.无用的
hopelessadj.没有希望的；绝望的 homelessadj.无家可归的
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思
A1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire.However,
MissWangknewitwasnotthetruestory.Sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.Shedecidedto4.disclosethetruth: itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster.Shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5.uncoverednow. 1．____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4．____________ 5.____________
答案：1.错误观念 2.驳回；不准许 3.失望的；沮丧的 4．揭露 5.揭露；揭发
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文) Thespeechseemedtobe1.nonstop (patient)
．
(stop)
andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_ (renew) (bear) (believe)
Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.non-renewable (practice)
and5.unbearable_ andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot, theaudiencethoughtitwas4.impractical_ tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_ thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible (responsible) tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings (understand)．Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave, shoutingloudlyandangrily.
五、正确使用派生词
1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。如果所给单词是其他词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。
(1)Doyouknowthedepth (deep) oftheriver?
(2)Hiscarelessness (careful) resultedintheterribleaccident. (3)Heisoneofthescientists (science) whosupportthistheory.
2．动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式。如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词形式。此外，如果所给动词有名词形式，就要看其后有无宾语。如果后有宾语，用动名词形式；后无宾语，则用名词形式。
(1)Pleasepayattention (attend) toyourhandwriting.
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动词attend本身有名词形式attention, 所以不用动名词attending。 (2)Hisarrival (arrive) madethesituationworse.
动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival, 所以不用动名词arriving。 (3)Theteacherwasangryatmycoming (come) late. 动词come没有名词，所以用动名词coming。 (4)Thankyouforyourhelp (help)． Thankyouforhelping (help) me.
(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation (appreciate)． Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating (appreciate) myspeech.
上面两组句子中，helping与appreciating后都带有宾语，故用动名词。help与appreciation后没有宾语，故用名词形式。
3．动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时，还要考虑副词级的变化。 (1)Theboyranquickly (quick) toschool.
(2)“What’sthat？”Fathershoutedangrily (angry)．
(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely (extreme) eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.
(4)Yourcompositionisbadly (bad) organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively (attend) nexttime. (5)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly (slow)?
4．名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词级的变化。 (1) What’sthewidest (width) riverintheworld?
(2)Thestronger (strength) webecome, themoremodestweshouldbe.
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Marywasverysadatthenews, soshelookedsadlyatherhusband, hereyesfullofsadness.(sad) 2．Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play) 3．Look！HowhappilyKateislaughing！Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy) 4．Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy) 5．Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent) 6．Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple) 7．Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear) 8．ThepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagainstthePresident.(cover) 9．Youaresokindtohelpme.Thankyouforyourkindness.(kindly) 10．Everythingisbecomingmore_expensivethanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollegeexpenses.(expend) Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200private1.safes (safety)．
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TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding2.equipment todigholesanddestroywallsonSaturdaynight.Theytiedupa3.security guardandspentthenextninehoursrobbingthebank.
One4.investigator job”
．
(investigate)
describedthe5.robbery ：
(rob)
asa“6.professional 00onSaturdayandleftat7(neighbour)
(equip) (secure) (profession)
：building,
Therobberscameinatabout22
00onSunday.Theyenteredthroughthebasementsofthe7.neighbouring whichwashavingbuildingworksatthetime.
Whentheyleft,
therobberssettheplaceonfireto8.remove diggingthroughaseriesoftunnelsandmakingaholeintoawallof80cmthicktogetintothebank,
(move)
anytraceofevidence,
switchingontheanti-firesystemandfloodingthebuilding.9.Fortunately (fortune), theguardescaped10.unharmed (harm)．
Itisdifficulttoestimatethetotalvalueofwhatwasstolenasonlythebankknowthecontentoftheirprivatesafes.
第二周 动词的时态和语态
一、动词的时态1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, everyday等时间状语。 Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.(2013·北京高考)
OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.(2013·陕西高考)
(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。
“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow，”Grannyusedtosay，“because every step shows.”(2012·新课标全国卷) —Sowhatistheprocedure?
—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewedbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.(2013·北京高考) (3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeIleaveforAfrica.
(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。
Theflighttakesoffat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday. 2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
Ididn’trealizethen, butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Iwaslucky: Ibecameapilotin1970, almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
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(2)注意句型：was/wereabouttodo...when...中when后从句的动词用过去式。 Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang. 3．现在完成时
常用的时间状语有：sofar, recently, lately, once/twice/three...times, before, ever, bynow, inthelast/pastfewyears, overalongtime, uptonow, yet, already, just, since等。主要用于以下几种情况：
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 —Look! Somebodyhascleanedthesofa.
—Well, itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012·江西高考)
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatameeting.
Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenmadeintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2013·北京高考) (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 ①Itis (hasbeen)＋一段时间＋since从句 This (That/It) isthefirst (second...) time＋that从句
Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(2009·陕西高考) ②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 —Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?
—Notuntilwehavefinishedourplan.(2010·四川高考) 4．过去完成时
(1)过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for, since等构成的时间状语连用。
Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall, hehadhaditforaverylongtime.(2013·辽宁高考) Wefirstmetonatrainin2010.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehadknowneachotherforyears.
(2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think等。
Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight, butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.
(3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely...when...; nosooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一??就??；刚??就??”。
Hardly (Nosooner) hadIgothomewhen (than) therainpoureddown. 5．将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。 —IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.
—Iknow.Bynextmonth, hewillhavesavedenoughforausedone.(2012·上海高考) 6．现在进行时
表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的
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