Ifyoumustgo, atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(2011·辽宁高考) 4．shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 —WhattimeshallIpickyouupatyourhousetomorrow, sir? —Ihaven’tdecidedonthetime.ButIwillcallyou.
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 NodrivingelectricmotorbikesinsomeareasisarulethatyoushallobeyinFuzhou. 5．will和would的用法
作情态动词的will, would与作助动词的will, would的各种形式相同。
(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。 —Goodbye, John.Comebackagainsometime. —Sure.Iwill.(2012·四川高考)
—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?
—Iwantedto, butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2011·重庆高考) (2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比usedto正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago, wewouldoftengotothecinematogether. 6．情态动词＋have＋过去分词
(1)can/couldhavedone表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’thavedone多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。
—DoyouknowwhereDavidis？Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere. —Well.Hecan’thavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.
Icouldhavesavedthepoorrabbit, butIdidn’thavetherightdrugswithmeatthatmoment.
(2)may/mighthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
Sorry, I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain. (3)musthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。
Jackdescribedhisfather, whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago, asastrong-willedman.(2010·安徽高考)
(4)shouldhavedone表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn’thavedone表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山东高考)
(5)oughttohavedone表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；oughtnottohavedone表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。
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Yououghttohavecometothepartyyesterday, butwhydidn’tyoucome? (6)needn’thavedone表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed, hearrivedhalfanhourearly.(2010·天津高考) 二、虚拟语气
1．非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if条件从句 表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示未来情况 从句的谓语形式 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) 主句的谓语形式 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
had＋过去分词 should＋动词原形 动词过去式 wereto＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 IfIhadtime, Iwouldattendyourparty. WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldhadn’tofferedusaridehome.(2012·天津高考) Ifitsnowed/were to snow/shouldsnowtomorrow, wewouldtakephotos.
[名师指津] 若条件句中有were, had, should, 可把if省略，而把were, had, should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram, ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.(2010·浙江高考)
Shoulditraintomorrow, wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch. 2．错综时间虚拟条件句
Ifyouhadworkedhard, youwouldbeverytirednow.(从句指过去，主句指现在) 3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, butfor等来引导。 Iwassobusythen, otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelphim.
IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(2011·天津高考) 4．某些从句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend劝告；建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。
Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010·福建高考) (2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。
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对现在情况的假设：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were) 对过去情况的假设：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 对将来情况的假设：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形 —Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood? —Nexttonothing.IwishIhadworkedharderatEnglish.
(3)wouldrather后跟从句时用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。
Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry, butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.(2010·江苏高考)
(4)在“Itis (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
Itishightimethatpeoplelearnt/shouldlearnEnglish.
(5)在asif从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。 Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
Shetalkedaboutitagainandagainasifshewouldneverend. (6)ifonly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Lookatthetroublewe’rein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp, hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown. 2．(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored? Youcan’thavesleptwelllastnight. —Yeah, Istayeduplatewritingareport.
3．(2013·陕西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend. 4．(2013·湖南高考)Hecouldn’tsleep, althoughhetriedto, whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit. 5
．
(2013·
安
徽
高
考
)Itcouldn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords. 6．(2013·重庆高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday? —I’mnotsure, butImightgototheRollingStonesconcert. 7．(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild, IcouldwatchTVwheneverIwantedto. 8．(2013·北京高考)—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain. —Well, Idon’tknow.Itmightdo. 9．(2013·辽宁高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemust_have_drunktoomuchatthepartylastnight. 10．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIcanfindthemoney. 11．(2012·辽宁高考)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool. 12．(2012·重庆高考)—Mustyouinterruptnow? Can’tyouseeI’monthephone? —SorrySir, butit’surgent.
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13．(2012·江苏高考)Dayslater, mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright, butwouldn’t (not) saywherehewas. 14．(2011·新课标全国卷)Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed. 15．(2011·江西高考)Weneedn’t (not) haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner. 16．—How’syournewbabysitter?
—Wecouldn’t (not) askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch. 17．(2011·陕西高考)Icouldn’t (not) havegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp. 18
．
(2012·
四
川
高
考
)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,
andIsaid“NiHao，”justasImightdoinChina.
19．(2011·上海高考)Ineedn’t (not) worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes. 20．Thereshouldn’t (not) beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool. Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．(2012·安徽高考)Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshewere_to_live (live) there, shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
2．(2012·北京高考)Wecould_have_faced (face) thedifficultytogether, butwhydidn’tyoutellme? 3．(2012·辽宁高考)Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedid (do) somethinginsteadofjusttalking. 4．(2012·福建高考)Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage, otherwisewewould_have_visited (visit) moreplacesofinterestyesterday.
5．(2012·浙江高考)Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext, theymight_have_had (have) secondthoughts. 6．(2012·北京高考)Don’thandlethevaseasifitwere (be) madeofsteel. 7．(2012·湖南高考)Sorry, Iamtoobusynow.IfIhad (have) time, Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou. 8．(2011·北京高考)—Wherearethechildren? Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined. —Iwishtheyweren’t (notbe) alwayslate. 9．Heinsistedhe(should)_be_sent (send) tothecity. 10．Hisexpressionsuggestedthathehad_passed (pass) thetest. Ⅲ.语篇填空(用适当的情态动词完成下列短文) MissFang1.couldn’t (not)
readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.shouldgototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You 3.should see a doctor as soon as possible, ”shesaid.“You 4.might need glasses.”
WhenMissFanghadfreetime,
shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5.couldseeherat3：30.
MissFangrepliedthatshe6.wouldnotbeabletobethereat3：30becauseshehadaclassthen.“The doctor 7.might take you at about ten to four, ”theappointmentclerksuggested.
“8.ShallIputyoudownfortentofour, or9.wouldyourathercometomorrow？” MissFangthoughtshe10.shouldn’t (not)
wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.shouldn’tbeunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly, ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,
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