2019年高二下学期英语期末模拟试卷（无听力）
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。 2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分29分） 第一节 （共 12 小题；每小题 2 分, 满分 24 分）
A
Science is finally beginning to hug animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable skill of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced opinions, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammal class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social panions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to go through painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of
fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of \animals\bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, mitted to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
1. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction 2. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.
A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship D. can apply knowledge to new situations 3. Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals express themselves 4. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals. B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals. C. Science Reports on Food Animals. D. A Revolution in Food Animals.
B
Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or even to tune out.
Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.
More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You suppose that situations are worse than they actually are.
When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin(后叶催产素), a feel-good that increases your ability to municate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.
We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right.
Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.
5. The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. stop listening B. gain courage
C. sing aloud D. feel stressed
6. What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A. The situations are sure to bee worse. B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.
C. You will feel an urge to improve and bee better. D. You’ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people. 7. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that .
A. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling B. positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones C. our conversation should center on what needs improvement
D. the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones 8. What is the best title for the passage? A. Harmful Negatives.
B. More Positive Interactions.
D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects.
C
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the bad reputation by setting up paid family leave starting in 2018. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States — we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
C. How to Be a Productive Manager.
The United States does have one clear family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It gives workers the right of as much as 12 weeks’ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite its benefit, the mittee of Enterprise and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent (先例)”. In fact, every step of the way, as Democratic (民主党)leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.
As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, defending the appropriateness of parental support depends on defining the family as the social goods that, in one sense, society must pay for. Parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it es to children. Society expects —and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care. And society expects—and needs—parents to continue in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed.
While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but important to the future of society. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (累积) to the whole of society as today’s children bee tomorrow’s citizens. In fact, by some rough calculations, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money, is equal to 20%～30% of GDP. If these investments bring huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
9. What do we learn about paid family leave from Paragraph 1? A. It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy. B. Setting up this policy made Australia less influential. C. It has now bee a hot topic in the United States. D. No such policy is applied in the United States.
10. What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States?
A. The inpetence of the Democrats. B. The severe attack from business circles. C. The lack of a precedent in American history. D. The existing Family and Medical Leave Act. 11. What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support? A. Children need continuous care. B. Good parenting benefits society.
相关推荐：
loading