How have you been recently ？ 你近来状况如何？
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等，因为它们与现在毫无关联。比如我们不能说： Han Mei has seen the film two days ago. 因为 two days ago是单纯指过去的一个时间点，只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的，与现在无关。但是，只要将它改为since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了，因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。 八、现在完成时考点例析
（一）、考查其构成 \助动词have (has) +动词过去分词\构成现在完成时。如：
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films _______?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. –So ______herparents.
A. has B. had C. did D. have
析：\助/系/情态动词+主语\结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
（二）、考查其用法与标志词
1、当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：
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（1）. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you_____ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
（2）. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
2. 当句中有\+段时间\或\+点时间\等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：
（1）. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______he came to Yunnan.
A. after B. before C. since D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
（2）. Tom ______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表\段时间\的短语连用，故选D。
（3）. I ______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard
析：据since可知，应排除A、C，\意为\收到某人的来信\，故选B。
（三）、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：
1. -Have you ever _____ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
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析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为\去某地了\，C项意为\一直呆在某地\，D项意为\去过某地\，符合题意，故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
析：本题句中有\段时间\结构，据此可排除C，B项意为\去过某地\，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。
（四）、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years. (改成正确的句子)
析：非延续性动词与\段时间\连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型\+段时间+since+从句\进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)
________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。
初中英语语法(现在完成时)针对性训练题
(8年级下册)(45)姓名_______ 考分___
练习题(一) 一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
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Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ. already Ｂ. never Ｃ. ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ____
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was; studying Ｂ. will; study
Ｃ. has; studied Ｄ. are; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States —Really? When _____ there?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
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