大学英语辅导：不可忽视的名词及其复数形式
英语中有些名词既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,当它们以抽象名词或以其复数形式出现时,其意义往往大不相同。因此,在教与学的过程中教师不可忽视,学生更不可大意。
1.evidence / evidences
evidence作\证据\解时,是抽象名词;作\迹象\解时,既是可数名词又是不可数名词。
Is there any evidence for his guilt?
There are evidences that somebody has been living here.
2.relation / relations
relation作抽象名词解时,指\联系,关联\作可数名词解时,指\亲戚,亲属\。
The cost of this experiment has no relation to the results.
All of his relations came to spend their holidays at his home.
3.property / properties
property作集体名词解时,为\财产的)总称\作可数名词解时(通常用其复数形式),为\性能,特性;(舞台上或电影中)表演用的可移动物件\。
The police found some stolen property hidden in the chief's house.
Many plants have medical properties.
4.doubt / doubts
doubt作抽象名词表示\怀疑\作可数名词表示\怀疑的念头,疑虑\。
There is not much doubt about it.
Sudden doubts came to his mind.
5.term / terms
term作可数名词解时,表示\术语;学期\等;其复数形式,表示\措辞;条件;关系\等。
Most schools have a fall term and a spring term.
I can't accept his terms.
6.compliment / compliments
compliment作\称赞;尊敬\时,通常为可数名词(多以单数形式出现);作\致意,祝贺\时,用其复数形式。
He paid his boss a high compliment.
Give my best compliments to your parents.
7.amusement / amusements
amusement作\消遣;娱乐\解时,是抽象名词;作\娱乐活动\解时,常用其复数形式。
His favorite amusement is hunting.
There are plenty of amusements in a big city-plays, moving pictures, concerts, football matches, and so on.
8.ash / ashes
ash作\灰,灰末\解时,是不可数名词;作\灰烬;废墟\解时,多用其复数形式。
Don't drop your cigarette ash on the carpet.
A large number of houses were burnt to ashes.
9.attainment / attainments
attainment作抽象名词时,表示\达到\常以名词复数形式出现时,表示\造诣,学识\。
The right of speaking freely is one of the necessary means to the attainment of the truth.
Once language developed, the possibilities for humankind's future attainments and cultural growth increased.
10.responsibility / responsibilities
responsibility 作抽象名词,表示\责任,职责\以名词的复数形式出现时,表示\家务事\或对家庭承担的\责任,义务\。
They were quick to exploit the natural resources of the country.
His resource has saved him from death many times.
11.resource / resources
resource作可数名词,表示\自然资源;消遣方法\作不可数名词,表示\智略,机敏,创造精神\。
They were quick to exploit the natural resources of the country.
His resource has saved him from death many times.
12.art / arts
art作\一门)手艺,技能\解时,常用名词单数形式;指大学里开设的哲学、文学、语文、历史等文科课程时,却用其复数形式arts或arts subjects。
She has an art for making people feel at ease.
History and literature are among the arts.
13.society / societies
society 作\社会\解时,是不可数名词;作\为某种目的组成的)社团,团体\解时,是可数名词。
We all have to learn how to behave ourselves in society.
He joined various university societies and clubs.
14.force / forces
force 作抽象名词解时,意为\力量,暴力\作可数名词解时,意为\自然力,势力\。
He didn't use much force.
Religion and politics are powerful forces in society.
15.ethic / ethics
ethic以单数形式出现时,表示\道德标准\以复数形式出现时,表示\伦理,道德规范\。
the Christian ethic基督教伦理
The ethics of his decision are doubtful.
16.violation / violations
violation作抽象名词解时,是\违背,违反\作可数名词解时,是\违犯行为\。
He was fined for his violation of the traffic laws.
These are gross violations of human rights.
17.business / businesses
business 作不可数名词,表示\买卖;商业\作可数名词,表示\商业机构,商店\。
We don't do much business with foreign companies.
Many small businesses have gone bankrupt recently.
18.privilege / privileges
privilege 作不可数名词,表示\有钱有势者的)特权\作可数名词,表示\特别给予的好处或待遇、优惠\。
The beautiful girl had led a life of luxury and privilege.
What are the privileges that go with the job?
19.loss / losses
loss 作抽象名词,表示\丧失,损失\作可数名词,表示\生意等)亏损的钱\。
The loss of his wife was a great blow to him.
Oil suffered losses in the export market.
20.prospect / prospects
prospect的单数形式,表示\景色,景象\其名词复数形式,表示\前景,前程,前途\。
The hill commands a fine prospect.
In recent years, the prospects of car manufacture are good.
21.production / productions
production 作\生产、制造\解时,是抽象名词;作\文艺)作品\解时,是可数名词。
Production is at all times and under all conditions social production.
They saw several National Theatre productions.
22.product / products
product 作\商业产品总称\解时,是不可数名词;作\某事物的产物\解时,是可数名词。
We should improve the gross national product.
They are the products of post-war influence.
23.institution / institutions
institution 作\建立;任命\解时,是不可数名词;作\慈善机关,福利院;风俗,习惯\解时,是可数名词。
Wise men favor the institution of a savings bank in every big city.
Working houses, homes for poor or orphan children and asylums are institutions.
24.youth / youths
youth 作不可数名词,表示\青少年时期;青春,活力\作可数名词,表示\青年男子,小伙子\。
Her youth gives her an advantage over the other runners.
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