山东2014年成人学士学位英语考试样题及答案
阅读理解(35 分钟,40 点)
partI Reading Comprehension
After you read a passage you should decide on the best choice marked A), B), C), and D),and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
A fire drill(操练) is ,to put it mildly(略微地,适度地), an inconvenient(不方便的) exercise at the best of times. A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions, like the one we had on Thursday night and Friday morning last, is incomparably more inconvenient. This is why writing this note to thank you all most sincerely(真诚地) for your excellent co-operation and the spirit with which you endured(忍受,忍耐) the inconvenience.(打扰)
A fire drill is not an idle (空闲的,懒散的)exercise. It is an extremely (极其,非常)serious(严重的,严肃的) one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run. Last week’ fire drill has already reyealed a number of important things regarding fire precautions(预防,警惕) in the Hall. For instance(例子), there seem to exit(出口) a number of “deaf (聋的)spots” in the Hall, namely(即,也就是), the two rooms in Purser House and some rooms in the Bottom corridor(走廊). I have no reason to doubt(怀疑,疑问)that residents (居民)from these areas could not hear the alarm(惊恐,忧虑,警报). I shall request an immediate examination of this problem.
I should, also, remind (使想起)you that it is a requirement that fire drills should be regularly(有规律地) carried out(at least two in every one year)and each resident should be made fully aware(知道的,意识到的) of this and obliged(强迫,迫使) to take part. All residents must take fire precautions(预防,警惕) with the seriousness they deserve. (应受,值得).Failure to do so can result bin fines and expulsion(驱逐)from the Hall. Thank you again for your co-operation.
1. The last fire drill caused much more inconvenience (打扰)because_________.
A) it was in bad weather B) there were “deaf spots” C) a big fire started D) it was at the weekend
2. The phrase “in the long run”(L.2,Part.2)means_________. A)effectively B) endlessly C) eventually(终于,最后) D) efficiently
3. Some people did not make their appearance(出现,来到,外观) at the last drill because____. A) they were deaf (聋的) B)they could not hear the alarm C) nobody waked them up D) they refused to leave their rooms
4. Afire drill is extremely(极其,非常) important according to the writer for_________. A) it is a good physical exercise B) it cultivates (培养) people’s endurance(耐久力,持久力)
C) it is a legal requirement D) it can save lives in case of a fire 5. Which of the following was NOT stated (规定的)by the author? A) A fire drill is very important and useful.
B) The last fire drill received inactive co-operation from the residents.
C) Those who do not take fire precautions (预防,警惕)will be fined and driven out. D) It has been made a rule that fire drills will be performed(行动) regularly.(有规律的)
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage
Accidents(事故,意外的事) are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to see: a shelf(架子) out of reach, a patch (补丁,小块土地)of ice on the misfortune(不幸,灾祸,灾难)—frustration(挫折,灰心丧气), tiredness (疲劳的,累的)or just bad temper(脾气)—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack(进攻,攻击) on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently(经常地,屡次地) after a family quarrel( 争吵), and we all know people who are accident-prone(有….倾向的), so often at odds(困难) with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.
By definition(定义,解说), an accident is something you can not predict(预言,预告,预测) or avoid(避免,回避,躲开), and the idea which used to be current(当前的,通用的), that the majority (多数,大多数)of road accidents are caused by a minority(少数) of criminally careless(粗心的) drivers, is not supported by insurance(保险,保险费) statistics(统计,统计数字). These show that most accidents involve(使卷入,牵涉) ordinary (普通的)motorists(开汽车的人) in a moments of carelessness(粗心) or thoughtlessness.(欠考虑的,自私的) It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions(条件,状况) make people more likely(可能的,很可能) to have an accident. For instance(例子,实例,事例), the law requires(需要,要求) all factories to take safety precautions and most companies(公司) have safety committees(委员会,全体委员) to make sure the regulations (规则,规章,管理)are observed(观察), but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are injured (伤害,损害,损伤)from work due(由于,应归于) to accidents. These accidents are largely the result of human error (错误,差错)or misjudgment—noise and fatigue(疲劳,劳累), boredom(烦恼,无聊) or worry are possible factors (因素)which contribute(有助于….,促成) to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety(焦虑,忧虑,渴望) level, run three times the normal risk (风险,危险,冒险)of accidents at work. 6. The passage suggests that________.
A) Accidents are usually caused by psychological(心理的,心理学的) factors. B) Accidents mostly result(是由….造成的) from slippery(滑的,使人滑跤的) roads. C) Drinkers run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories. D) About 50 000people lose their lives at work in Britain every day.
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned(提到,说起) as a factor of accidents?
A) Mood. (心情,情绪,语气) B) Tiredness.(疲劳的,累的) C) Carelessness (粗心) D) Weather
8. The word “accidents-prone”(L.2 Para.2)means________. A) likely to have accidents B) injured in accidents
C) possible to die in accidents D) responsible(有责任的,负责的) for road accidents 9. What can we infer(推论,推断,猜想) about the author’ opinion (意见,看法)of accidents? A) Safety precautions(预防,警惕) are of little use in accidents. B) Many accidents can and should be avoided.(避免)
C) Factory accidents , unlike (不像,和….不同)road accidents, are inevitable(不可避免的). D) Most road accidents are caused by just a few careless(粗心的) drivers. 10. The best title for the passage would be __________.
A) Accidents and Anxiety(焦虑,忧虑,渴望)B) How to Deal with Accidents on Road and in Factories C) Human Factors in Accidents D) How to Prevent(防止,阻止) Accidents on Road and in Factories
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King, Frederick II, in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants(婴儿) died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation(剥夺,丧失) here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity(能力,容量) to survive(幸免于,活下来) is seriously affected. Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless(然而,仍然), some children are still backward(向后的,向后) in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive (不敏感的)to the signals(信号) of the infant, whose brain(脑力,智能) is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical(紧要的,关键性的) times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的) periods are neglected(忽略,忽视), the ideal time for acquiring(取得,获得,学到) language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages(阶段) are reached in a fixed sequence(连续,继续) and at a constant(经常的) age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually(终于,最后) turns out to be of high IQ.
Recent evidence(根据) suggests that an infant is born with the capacity(能力) to speak. What is special about Man’s brain(脑力,智能) compared(比较,对照) with that of the monkey, is the complex (复杂的)system which enables(使能够,使可能) a child to connect the sight and feel of , say, a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern (式样)“teddy-bear”.
But speech has to be stimulated(刺激,激发), and this depends on interaction (相互作用,干扰)between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals(信号) in the child’s babbling(牙牙学语), grasping(贪心的,贪婪的), crying, smiling, and responds(响应) to them. Insensitivity of the mother
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