By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold, 4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze. And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners. 8. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals? A. They are hugely valuable. C. They are designed uniquely.
B. They are of high quality.
D. They are made from e-waste.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. The difficulty of making the medals. B. The process of collecting old electronics. C. The initiative to recycle used smartphones. D. The classification of the collected devices.
10. The underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 5 means “ _______”. A. creative
B. well-paid
C. demanding
D. time-consuming
11. What’s the purpose of Tokyo’s way of making the medals? A. To advocate sustainable use of resources. B. To promote the spirit of Olympic Games. C. To introduce a new technique to make medals. D. To call people’s attention to environmental damage.
D
Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits (特性)—the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of personality points to an evolutionary (进化) origin.
Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal
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personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like planning and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly—aspects of conscientiousness—also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease, gain more weight and reproduce more. Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates.
These behaviors may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world.
Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety.
12. What do people generally think about personality types? A. Different personality types have respective strengths. B. Everyone falls into a particular personality type. C. People with common personality types gather. D. Everyone has mixed personality types.
13. What’s the purpose of mentioning some animals in Paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the advantages of being conscientious. B. To analyze survival chances of cooperative animals. C. To explain why they are tidy and orderly. D. To throw new light on their behavior.
14. Why do we display a certain personality in a specific situation? A. To be free of trouble.
B. To be adaptive to circumstances.
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C. To compete for equal rights. D. To gain advantages over others. 15. What does the text mainly focus on? A. Personality and behavior. B. Categories of the Big Five. C. Contradictory facts on personality. D. Diversity and variability of personality. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ever since the University of Bologna in Italy was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities with major cities. 16
Colleges and universities in the U.S., though, have followed a different pattern. To be sure, leading universities such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University in New York City call major urban centers home. 17 In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town.
18 Many early colleges and universities were founded by religious (宗教的) groups that sought to educate students far from the distractions of city life. When Harvard University was founded in 1636 by Congregationalist Church ministers, Cambridge, where the university is now located, was quite separate from Boston. Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward-spreading frontier, most were located in small towns. 19
Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled. 20 Don’t be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located. Top-rated colleges and universities located in lesser known places may amaze you in an unimaginable manner with their high quality and a significant number of their international students.
A. Bloomington is also a great college town.
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B. Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University. C. Set your sights beyond the most well-known schools. D. One reason: there were no major cities there at the time. E. There was no better recipe for popularity than small campuses. F. Part of the explanation for this lies in America’s distinctive history. G. But many are located in cities and towns most people have never heard of. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a child, I lived on a college campus with my parents. Their students often visited and did jigsaw puzzles (拼图) with me, for which I quickly discovered my 21 . I would sit alone for hours 22 building a puzzle. My college “friends” would be 23 next time they came. Soon I 24 up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest 25 : a 3,000-piece one. I was so 26 at the thought of tearing it apart that I moved the finished puzzle 27 onto a large board and kept it as it was until we moved away and I 28 playing with puzzles. Recently I can’t help but 29 my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces and 30 them into appropriately-spaced positions, enjoying myself. I now live in a world of divided 31 , constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another. 32 , I dislike it when I open my phone to send a quick text, but only to find myself, an hour later, clicking on countless YouTube videos that leave no impression on me. I miss being someone who didn’t 33 to be bombed with so many flashy external stimuli to be 34 . I think a puzzle or two would force me to be another version of myself, a less impatient one. When I get home this summer, I’ll 35 the box of old toys somewhere in our basement. Maybe I’ll find what I’m looking for. 21. A. concern B. destination C. balance 8 D. love
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