并列平行结构及练习

高考英语中的“并列平行结构”及应试策略

一、平行结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。

二、并列连词及词组(平衡连接词)：连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。 1. 单一式： and, or ,but

2. 短语式： as well as, rather than ,other than, instead of

3. 相关式：both...and, between...and, not only...but also, from...to, from...until, either...or, neither...nor, the same as, such as, as...as, not...but

对连接词连接的成分要求：形式对称； 功能相同（充当同样的句子成分）。 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。 比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则：

Do some nice things for your parents that they don't expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. 三、平行结构主要类型

1. 名词和名词平行结构 The patient's symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.

2. 形容词和形容词平行结构 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 3. 副词和副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully done. 4. 分词平行结构(现在分词与现在分词 / 过去分词与过去分词 ) The boys were running, shouting and laughing.

The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.

5. 动名词doing平行结构 Henry's work is reading books and writing book reviews. 6. 动词不定式平行结构

On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. 7. 介词短语平行结构

1）Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.

2）We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.

8. 谓语动词平行结构 谓语形式时态要一致

He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.

Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.

9. 排列位置的平行

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主not only 谓but also谓 对 Not only主谓（倒装），but also谓 错 Not only 主谓（倒） but 主谓

10. 句子的并列（并列句） I was tired, but I felt happy. 四、在高考中的体现及解题思路

Not only 主谓（倒）， 主+also+谓

解题思路：当并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些被连接的成分必须是同一词性、同一形式。特别要注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分。

在短文改错中的体现：违反平行结构的准则是高考短文改错惯用的出题手段之一。

1．I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort．(1999全国卷短文改错) 2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.（2011全国) 3．However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly．(2004年天津卷短文改错）

在单选中的体现：

1.The house belongs to my aunt but she＿＿here any more．(2006年全国卷)

A．hash’t lived B．didn’t live C．hadn’t lived D．doesn’t live 2. The old couple married for 40 years and never once ____with each other. (2003全国卷) A. they had quarreled. B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 3. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. （1994）

A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived不规则动词 4. website网站 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting(湖南卷) A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search

5. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _________ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 6．One learns a language by making mistakes and＿＿＿them．

A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．to correct

7.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day. (重庆卷

A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished

9. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 10. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _________ into a foreign language.

A. translating B. translated C. were translated D. had translated

●用并列平行思维改正以下句子。

The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.

The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.

I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was hold up on my way back.

●用并列平行思维写出单词正确形式。

The baby in the next room (睡醒) and began to cry.(2010全国2) He （按下）the button and the doorbell rang.(2009全国2)

平行并列结构练习

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1. He paid more attention to what he ate than________.

A. what he wore B. that he wore C. that which he wore D. to what he wore 2. He would sooner resign than _____ part in such dishonest business deals.

A. to take B. Taking C. take D. have taken

3. Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter is more important than______. A. work harder B. working harder C. to work harder D. to working harder 4. I was advised ________ for reservation.

A. to either telephone or to write the hotel B. either to telephone or to write the hotel

C. that I should telephone or either write the hotel D. I ought either to telephone or write the hotel 5 Having gone there and ____ out the truth, she started to cry.

A .finding B. finds C. found D. to find 6. My approach is not to pass the test, but ______ the prize.

A. rather getting B. to rather get C. rather to get D. more than getting 7. The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _____ late.

A. but staying up B. than to stay up C. for staying up D. than staying up 8. Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus________ the past.

A. conserve B. Conserving C. preserve D. preserving 9. Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _______from the stove.

A.you should remove it B. removing it C.to remove it D. remove it

10. The purpose of the organization is ________ all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

A. greeting B. to greet C. having greeted D. to have greeted 11. It's better to die on one's feet than_______.

A. living on one's knees B. live on one's knees C.on one's knees D. to live on one's knees

12. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _____ interrogate (讯问) the computer to find out what would happen if the officer's own solution was put into action. A. ought to B. should C. dare to D. can 13. Either you come in person, or_________.

A. to entrust someone with the matter B. entrusting someone with the matter C. you entrust someone with the matter D. you entrusted someone with the matter 14. The more precise ________ ,the more effective the communication.

A. a writer's words B.that a writer's words C.there are a writer's words D. they are a writer's words

15. Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.

A. not to want anyone B.not wanting anyone C.wanted no one D.to want no one 16. I like watching TV________ to the cinema.

A.more than to go B. than going C. more than going D. rather than to go 17. Nowadays people usually prefer driving to________.

A. driving B. drive C.to drive D. drove

18. Allen has stated that he has always had a great ______ and admiration for the work of the British economist Keynes.

A . interest B. interest in C. interesting in D. interested

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