there. This third-generation carpenter has to make some changes to the way his company designs, produces and finally markets its product.
“For me, there is such great skill, history and philosophy in one bucket，” Nakagawa says. “To lose that is a great shame to me. So if I can carry on this skill, this history and philosophy, the form is not important. If I can pass this on to the next generation, I'm willing to modernize, as long as the essence (精髓) is there.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。随着社会的发展，大批量生产的日用品抢走了很多传统手艺的市场，使这些手工艺作坊面临困境。
8．What can we learn about the bucket made by Nakagawa? A．It is made out of cheap plastic. B．It is mainly used to store food. C．It is usually sold at a low price. D．It is regarded as an amazing craft.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It's hard to imagine the humble bucket being a work of art”以及“The level of craftsmanship...creates a perfect finish and it is almost impossible to see the joints on the buckets.”可知，Nakagawa制作的这种桶简直就是令人称赞的艺术品。
答案：D
9．What did Nakagawa do upon graduation? A．He worked at a carpentry studio. B．He took charge of the family business. C．He worked hard to be a skillful carpenter. D．He opened his own studio in downtown Kyoto.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He worked 10 to 12 hours every weekday to learn the craft.”可知，毕业后Nakagawa努力打磨自己的技艺。
答案：C
10．What challenge does Nakagawa face as a third-generation carpenter? A．He can't get any support from his family.
B．He has to make his products popular on the market. C．He feels it hard to produce buckets in large quantities. D．He fails to understand the philosophy of making buckets.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This third-generation carpenter has to make some changes to the way his company designs, produces and finally markets its product.”可知，传统工艺已经不如以前那么有市场，Nakagawa要做的是想办法让他的产品
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赢得市场的认可。
答案：B
11．From which is the text probably taken? A．An art and design magazine. B．A school textbook. C．A research paper. D．A health report.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了位于日本京都的一家用传统工艺生产木桶的工作室由于社会的发展面临被新型产品取代的威胁，这与艺术和设计有关，故选A。
答案：A
D
When you look in the mirror, you see yourself. That puts you in the company of animals like dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees (黑猩猩). The mirror test is often used as a way of measuring whether animals have self-awareness. And an animal that is aware of itself has a high level of intelligence. Now, a species of fish—the cleaner wrasse—has also spotted its reflection.
Alex Jordan, a biologist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, is one of the researchers of the study on cleaner wrasse consciousness. He and his team conducted many tests that show the fish does seem to recognize its reflection—when the researchers added a colored mark to its body, the fish would even try to remove the mark upon catching sight of it in the mirror. It seems to indicate the clever fish species has some sense of self or individuality.
But Jordan said，“I'm the last to say that the cleaner wrasse fish is as smart as chimpanzees.” Instead, he believes that the measure scientists have used for nearly 50 years is imperfect.
One problem with the test, for example, is that it uses vision to measure self-awareness. Yet not all animals rely on sight to recognize themselves. It may well be that a bat, for example, which depends on sonar (回声定位) to get around, is self-conscious. Elephants, while able to pass the mirror test, rely more heavily on smell than on sight.
Consciousness in humans or animals is not easy to measure or understand. Philosophers and scientists have long wrestled_with the questions of how a sense of self is assessed, and how it relates to physical processes. Jordan believes the cleaner wrasse is self-cognizant (自我知晓的), but not the same extent (程度) as a human.
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This means scientists need to reconsider whether some concepts centered on humans can be used in understanding animals.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通常用“镜子测试”来检测动物的自我意识，但是Alex Jordan却对这个方法提出了质疑。
12．Why are dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees mentioned in the text? A．They are as clever as humans. B．They have some sense of self. C．They have the same intelligence. D．They are widely used in experiments.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，文中提到的海豚、大象和黑猩猩都通过了镜子测试，即能在镜子里认出自己，它们有一定的自我意识。
答案：B
13．The study on the cleaner wrasse made Alex Jordan ________. A．doubt whether the mirror test is reliable B．discover the secret about the fish's sight C．develop a better method to replace the mirror test D．believe the cleaner wrasse is as smart as chimpanzees
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句以及第四段的内容可知，Alex Jordan对“镜子测试”的可靠性产生了怀疑。
答案：A
14．Which of the following can replace the underlined part “wrestled with”？ A．presented with C．struggled with
B．ended with D．agreed with
解析：词义猜测题。wrestle的本意为“摔跤”，这里为引申义“应对，对付”。 答案：C
15．What can we learn from the text?
A．It is relatively easy to test animals' consciousness. B．Some concepts for humans can't be applied to animals.
C．Animals rely on at least two senses to get to know themselves. D．More tests need to be done to prove the cleaner wrasse is self-aware. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的最后一句可知，一些基于人类的概念不能用在动物身上。
答案：B
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(10分)
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
During the day, most of us are out in the community mixing with all kinds of people. Our children are learning about the world from many sources without parental involvement. 16 Perhaps the only opportunity of the day to talk with each other is at the dinner table. So how can we gather our family to the table and have quality meal time together?
Eating meals together is not an easy thing and does not necessarily mean the experience will be wonderful. 17 I first recommend trying setting a modest goal of two times a week and building from there.
Learning to shop wisely and prepare food is a useful skill which is becoming more important with rising food prices. I usually take my kids with me to shop, so we can practice thrift (节俭)． 18 They are proud to contribute to the meal and enthusiastic about the mealtime.
19 But there are ways to make food preparation fast and easy. Soups can be made in quantities to last two or three dinners. And when cooking rice or potatoes, make enough for a few meals.
The interruption of a phone call or text message is a sure way to break the conversation and remind everyone of events beyond the dinner table. At our home, we make it a rule that all cell phones are in silent mode. 20
A．Food is better eaten with the people we love. B．Even within family, it takes practice to get along. C．Even when everyone is home, they do their own things.
D．Given a little guidance, young children can also be helpful in the kitchen. E．It makes our time together more relaxing and helps have a sound conversation. F．Probably we favor dining out because home-cooked meals always take more time. G．It's true that the shape of table and the seating order can influence communication.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在繁忙的现代社会，家人在一起交流的时间并不多。作者就一家人如何能坐在一起共享晚餐并多一些交流给出了建议。
16．解析：本句与本段前两句共同描述了一个问题：一家人很少有相互交流的机会。 答案：C
17．解析：本空起承上启下的作用。上文指出，家人坐在一起吃晚饭是交流的好机会。但是，坐在一起吃饭并不是一件易事，而且也不一定会是愉快的经历。因此，家人相处也需
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要练习。空后作者提出具体的建议“I first recommend trying setting a modest goal of two times a week...”可知，应选B。
答案：B
18．解析：根据本空前后内容可知，作者建议让小孩参与购物和食物制作，D项与此相关。 答案：D
19．解析：根据本段中的“But there are ways to make food preparation fast and easy.”可知，本段针对“在家做饭很费时”这一问题给出了建议，故选F。
答案：F
20．解析：E项显然是在家时手机静音带来的好处。 答案：E
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