2018届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：语法填空
one rock box _____49_____ its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing difficult. No one knows precisely what the microscopic particles do to human lungs.
The dust not only _____50_____ the moon’s surface, but floats up to sixty miles above it—as part of its exosphere, where particles are bound to the moon by gravity, but are so sparse that they _____51_____ collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a _____52_____ phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night, called the terminator. Cernan _____53______ a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape; streams of particles popped _____54_____the ground and levitated, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. _____55______ there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It’s presumed that they’re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.
41. A. solar 42. A. destroyed 43. A. because 44. A. adapting 45. A. soft 46. A. nature 47. A. intelligence 48. A. moment 49. A. installed 50. A. coats 51. A. frequently 52. A. strange 53. A. sketched 54. A. out 55. A. Although
Keys: 41-45 BACBC 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBACD
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B. lunar B. stained B. however B. reducing B. hard B. speed B. health B. situation B. lost B. affects B. violently B. similar B. described B. in B. Wherever
C. dusty C. changed C. but C. tailoring C. rough C. degree C. fund C. course C. found C. protects C. gently C. common C. received C. off C. Unless
D. mysterious D. so D. sharping D. shaping D. flat D. troops D. future D. program D. maintained D. crusts D. rarely D. different D. copied D. down D. Since
2018届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：语法填空
Four【2018届上海市复旦附中高三上学期第一次综合测试题】 Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Deep reading”---as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web---is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its__ 41 __would jeopardize（危及）the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the perpetuation of a critical part of our __ 42 __: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be __ 43 __ only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to apprehend them.
Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading ---slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity ---is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, __ 44 __ a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks, for example, __ 45 __the reader from making decisions ---Should I click on this link or not? ---allowing her to remain fully immersed（使沉浸于） in the narrative.
That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion and metaphor: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be __ 46 __ if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous __ 47 __ for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of __ 48 __ characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy（认同）.
None of this is likely to happen when we’re __ 49 __ through website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the __ 50 __-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the __ 51 __ they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence __ 52 __ that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital __ 53 __” for whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain’s National Literacy Trust __ 54 __ the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only
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2018届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：语法填空
28% read __ 55 __ materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.
41.A. spread 42.A. history 43. A. appreciated 44. A. provide 45. A. separates 46. A. active 47. A. campaign 48. A. imaginative 49. A. searching 50. A. power 51. A. effect 52. A. advises 53. A. devices 54. A. received 55. A. printed
Keys: 41-45 BDABD 46-50 ABCBB 51-55 CDBCA
Five【2018届上海市上师大附中高三上学期阶段测试题】 Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal
B. disappearance B. tradition B. published B. require B. isolates B. passive B. exercise B. main B. browsing B. information B. evidence B. presents B. natives B. rejected B. classified
C. influence C. value C. produced C. revise C. protects C. collective C. attack C. fictional C. staring C. desire C. experience C. sees C. systems C. released C. related
D. destruction D. culture D. renewed D. request D. frees D. positive D. speech D. tragic D. watching D. background D. argument D. suggests D. settlers D. confirmed D. collected
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2018届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：语法填空
world,_____41_____ ,is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want _____42_____ from the toxicity (毒性)of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on._____43_____ the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will_____44_____ the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical_____45_____ for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years.
Already, the commission has _____46_____ 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spend between $ 4 billion -$ 8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍）from just over 1 million a year to about 5 , unless they are saved by some dramatic _____47_____ in non-animal testing technology. Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.
A good place to start finding _____48_____ for toxicity tests is the liver—the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.
PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures(培养基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under ______49______. The characteristics of the cells are carefully_____50______, to look for changes in their microanatomy(组织学). Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying______51______ cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical_____52______ is bad for the liver.
Other tissues, too, can be tested______53______ of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an_____54______ version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and______55______ in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.
All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.
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