知识清单：
second, third……
清单一：形容词和副词的比较等级及用法 The Changjiang river is the longest river in China.
一.形容词和副词比较等级的构成 5．.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”的意思，若形容词或副1.规则变化
词是多音节词，应用“more and more+原级”，此结构后不接than
情 况 构成方法 例 词 引导的从句。如： 一般情况 加er/est tall-taller-tallest When spring comes，it get warmer and warmer。 单音春天来临时节及 以e结尾的词 加r/st nice-nicer-nicest ，天气变的越来越暖和。 部分以辅音字母+y结尾 变为i，再加er/est heavy-heavier-heaviest Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校正双音的词 变得越来越漂亮。 6.the+比较级，the+比较级 译为“越……,就越……” 节词 以一个辅音字母结 先双写词尾字母, The busier she is, the happier she feels. 越忙她感觉就越幸福。 尾的重读闭音节 再加er/est big-bigger-biggThe more you read, the more youest ’ll learn. 你读的越多，了解就越多。The more quickly you get ready, the sooner we’ll be
多音节词及部分双音节词 在词前加beautiful--more beautiful able to leave. more/most --most beautiful 你越快能准备好，我们就越能早点走。
不规则变化如下:
7.表示倍数…times+形容词比较级+than… good/well-better-best ill/bad/badly-worse-worst
This book is twice thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚两many/much-more-most little-less-least
倍。 old-older-oldest/elder-eldest
二.不等级与比较级的相互转换 far-farther-farthest/further-furthest
English isn’t as important as Chinese. 一.形容词、副词等级的基本用法
→English is less important than Chinese. 英文没有中文重要。 1.表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as+原级+as”
Lilei isn’t tall as Wei Hua. 李雷没有魏华高。 意思是“和……一样”。 This story is interesting as that one.
→Lilei is shorter than Wei Hua. → Wei Hua is taller than 2.表示二者在性质和程度上不同时，用“not as / so+原级+as”
Lilei. 意思是“和……不一样”。
但是如果是单音节的形容词或副词就不能与less…than转换。 He is not /as tall as his elder brother. (他没有他哥哥高。)
清单二：使用比较级应注意的几个问题 3.表示A比B更…，用“than” I am older than he/him.我比他大。
1.注意比较级中的同类比较 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little, far, any, …来修饰
在进行比较时，比较的对象必须是同类事物,不是同类事物不能比Traveling by train is much(的多)cheaper and far(远远的)more
较。如: 误：His bike is newer than his father. enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.
正：His bike is newer than his father’s. 坐火车旅行比坐飞机旅行有趣多了。
一般来说，进行比较的事物为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象She is even(更加)more beautiful than before.
常用that或those来代替。复数名词用those代替，不可数名词
或单数名词用that代替。如： 她比以前更加漂亮了。
In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than that in 4.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，一般使用最高级，形容
Guangzhou. 词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词级前可加也可不加the,之后一
冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷些。 般要接表示范围的in/of短语。
The pictures in the books are more beautiful than those on the An elephant is the heaviest animal in the zoo.
wall. Tom is the tallest of all. 汤姆是所有人中最高的。
书上的画比墙上的画更美丽。 He ran fastest of all. 他是所有人中跑的最快的。
1.注意than后面人称代词的格 of“在……之中”表示属性(同类人或物)。in“在……范围之中”，与
在比较级中，人称代词的主格和主格相比，宾格和宾格相比。 表示范围或场所的名词连用。最高级前的修饰语也可以是first, (1)当句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时(或虽是及物动词但在不引起歧义的情况下),than后面的代词用主格.宾格都可以，两者的意
思并无明显区别。如:He studies harder than I/me. 他学习比我用功。
We get to school earlier than he/him every day. 我们每天到校比他早
(1)当句子中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格在意思上就有差别。试比较：
I like you more than him.(=I like you more than I like him) 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。
I like you more than he.(=I like you more than he likes you) 我比他更喜欢你。
1.当进行比较的双方在同一范围内，注意要在than后表示对象的名词前加上other一词，将比较的一方从被比较的一方中排除出来，否则就会出现与自身相比的矛盾现象。 试译：汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。
误：Chinese is more popular than any subject.
正：Chinese is more popular than any other subject.
这种句子在形式上是比较级，但在意思上是最高级。通常同样的意思却有多种表达方式。以“他在班上学习最用功“为例，可有以下几种表达：
He studies hardest in his class.
He studies harder than any other student in his class.
He studies harder than any of the other students in his class. He studies harder than all the other students in his class. He studies harder than any of others in his class. He studies harder than any one else in his class. He studies harder than the others in his class.
He studies harder than the other students in his class.
但是若比较的双方不在同一范围内,则不需要other 来排除了。 如：China is larger than any country in Africa。
中国比非洲任何国家都大（中国不在非洲,故any后不要other） 2.not so/as…as…可与less…than或more…than…互换。如： I think math is not as/so interesting as English。 = I think math is less interesting than English。 =I think English is more interesting than math。 我认为数学没有英语那样有趣。
在使用not so/as…as…结构时,如果句子中的谓语动词是实义动词,not应与助动词do的适当形式连用，而不能直接接在谓语动词的后面.如：
误：He gets up not so/as early as Jim。 正：He doesn’t get up as/so early as Jim。
3.much,a little, even, still等表示程度的副词可用来修饰比较级，
而very, too, so, quite(表示身体健康的quiter除外)习惯上不用来修饰比较级。如：
误：I think science is very more difficult than Chinese. 正：I think science is much more difficult than Chinese. 清单三：形容词的顺序
当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，通常按这样的顺序：限定词+描绘性的形容词+大小+形状+新旧或年龄+颜色+国家或地区+材料+用途+被修饰的名词。如：
A light white shelf.一个轻便的白色鞋架。
A short young Japanese businessman.一个身材矮小的年轻日本人.
清单四：几组副词的用法辨析
1.very与much表示“很”，“非常”。
very 用于写实形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much 或very much. 如：It's very nice,这个非常好.
She said she was much better than before 她说她比以前好多了。
You did it very well. 你做的很好。
I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。 2.so与such表示“如此”，“那么”，“这么”。
（1）so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词做定语。如：
I can’t be here so early.我不可能这么早来。
I’ve never seen such fine drawings.我从来没有见过如此漂亮的图。
(2)so修饰的形容词后如有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so+adj.+a/an+n.
试比较：She is so good a girl.
She is such a good girl.
(3)如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much，little等表示数量多少的形容词，用so而不用such。 如：I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons.
我恐怕如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。 Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每个月只领这么少的钱。 3.too,also与either表示“也（不）”。
too 和 also用于肯定句中，too常用于口语中，置于句末;also常用于书面语中，置于be动词之后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句中。如：
I’m fine, too.我也好。
We also have eleven players in a team.我们每个队也有11个
队员。
中国的熟食也很流行。
We don’t like the same colours,either. 我们也不喜欢同一颜色。 4．ago与before,表示“在··以前”。 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。如：
—When did you have a meeting ? 你们什么时候开的会？
—Three day ago.三周前。
Mr.Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.史密斯先生说，约翰三周前就把他的过去全部告诉了他。
I have never lost a book before. 我以前从没有丢过书。 5．sometime,sometimes,some times 和 some time。
sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes指“有时候”；some times表示“倍数、次数”。如：
New students will come to our school sometime next week. 新同学将于下周到校。
It took me some time to finish reading the book. 我花了一些时间读完这本书。
Sometimes,I know what she’s thinking 有时候我知道她在想什么事。
Our school is some times larger than theirs. 我们学校比他们学校大几倍。
6．Already,yet与still表示“已经”等。
alreaday 表示某事已经发生，still 表示谋事仍在进行，主要用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还没有”、“尚未”等。 如：
I’ve already finished it. 我已经完成了这项工作。 I have sung already. 我已经唱过了。
They were still neck and neck. 他们仍齐头并进，不分上下。 Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到尺子了吗？
He hasn’t finished his work yet.他还没有完成工作。Already 有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。如：Have you finished already?
练习：
1 The air in Beijing is getting much -___now than a few years ago.
A clean B cleaner C cleanest D the cleanest
2 –We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town. --Why didn’t you stay at ___ one?
A a cheap B a cheaper C the cheaper D the cheaper
3 –Remember ,boys and girls .___you work ,___result you will get.
--- We know ,MissGao
A The better ,the harder B The harder ,the better C The hard ,the better D The harder,the good 4 Kate is really ___ .She ‘s never angry with others A tall B friendly C lucky D clever
5 –Which is __ river in China ?---The Changjiang river A longer B the longest C longest D the longer 6 –Do you like western food ?
---No,The food of our country is ___ that of western countryies.
A rather good than B much better than C more better than D not so good
7 This is ___ that all of us believe it’svery important. A such useful information B so useful information C so useful informations D such a useful information 8 The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet bring us ___.
A the close B closer C the closer D close 9 Shanghai is larger than ___ city in India.
A any other B other C all other D any
10 –Do you like the Moonlight Sonata?---Sure ,it sounds really ___.
A clear B clearly C beautiful D beautifully
11 What do you think of the flowers? ---They look ___ A beautiful B beautifully Cmore beautifull 12 Have you ever seen Tom and Jerry?
—Sure.It is one of ____ cartoons I have ever seen.
A wonderful B the most wonderful C more wonderful 13 Kate felt ___ when she saw the lovely dress in the clothes shop.
A pleased B tired C well
14 I think the song My Heart Will Go On is _ _ one of all the movie songs.
A much more beautiful B the beautiful C the most beautifull
15 Eating more fruit will keep people__
A carefully B afraid C busy D healthy
16 “Do you want to improve your score in maths?Try staying away from your computer.”A recent report in Britain says ,”The ___ students use computers at school and at home ,the ___ they do in exams of reading and maths,”
A more ,better B less,worse C more,more D less,better
17 –Do you like English ?—Yes ,but I think it’s ___ subject of all.
A the easiest B the most difficult C the most intesting D the most boring 18 I hear that Mike is __ student in his class .
A more careful B the most careful C careful 19 –What do you think of the bridge ?---I have never seen ___ before.
A so a long one B so long one C such a long one D a such long one
20 Do you think maths is __foreign languages?
A more difficult B less difficult C as difficult as D the most difficult
21 It’s raining ___ We have to stay at home instead of going fishing?
A badly B hardly C heavily D strongly
22 The Chinese parents always teach their children to be __ to others.
A carfully Bfriendly C lonely 23 Write __ and try not to make any mistake .
A as carefully as possible B as carfully as you can C more carful D more carfully
24 Gao Yuecdid quite _ _ at the World Table Tennis Championship,but Zhang Yining did even ___
A better ,well B well ,well C well .better D better,well 25 Jane’s leg was _ _ painfull that he couldn’t move at all A too B so C very
26 –do you have sports meeting?—Twice a year A How soon B How ofren C How long 27 Don’t worry .He is ___to take care of little Betty.
A carefully enough B enough careful C careful enough
28 –We can use MSn to talk with each other on the Internet. —Really?Will please show me ___it
A what to use B how to use C how can I use D what I use
29 Don’t worry,sir .I’m sure I can run __to catch up with them. A fast enough B enough fast C slowly enough D enough slowly
30 –--____do you pay a visit to your grandparents?--At least four times a month though I am busy preparing for my exam.
A How many B How long C How much D How often
Units 5-6
重点词组
1. wait for 等候，等待 2. talk to sb. 与某人谈话 3. talk about 谈论 4. take photos 拍照 5. have a good time 玩得开心, 过得快乐
6. look at 看,朝…..看 7. look for 寻找, 寻求 8. in order to 为了 9. be/come from 来自于
重点句型
1. What are you doing? I’m watching. 2. What’s he doing? He’s reading.
3. When do you want to go? Let’s go at six o’clock. 4. How’s the weather in Shanghai.? / What’s the weather like in Shanghai? It’s cloudy/windy/raining/sunny/snowing.
5. How’s it going? Great/Not bad/Terrible/Pretty good. 现在进行时
一、现在进行时的用法
1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now(现在), right now(现在), at the moment(现在)等时间状语连用。 We are listening to our teacher now.
2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内)一直在进行的活动, 常与at present(目前), these days(这些天)等时间状语连用。 He is thinking about this problem these days. 3. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（1）移动的终止性动词用于进行时，表示即将要发生。此类动词主要有come，go，run，leave，start，begin，arrive，return等。
When are you returning home？你什么时候回家？
（2）一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。
How long are you staying in Toronto?你将在多伦多呆多长时间?
二、现在进行时的构成及形式
肯定句: 主语 + be +现在分词 +… 否定句: 主语+be + not+现在分词+… 一般疑问句: be +主语+现在分词+…?
一般疑问句的回答: Yes, 主语+be的相应形式
No, 主语+am not/ isn’t/ aren’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词(作主语)+be +现在分词+…? 特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+…?
I am playing football now. I am not playing football now. -Are you playing football now? Yes, I am./ No, I’m not. What are you doing now? 动词现在分词的构成:
(1) 一般在动词的词尾加-ing。 如：pour→ pouring
(2) 以不发音e结尾的去掉e，再加-ing。 如：write→ writing (3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字
母，再加-ing。 如：begin→ beginning
:注意：lie→ lying die→ dying tie→ tying prefer→ preferring
三、一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:
1．一般现在时表示目前经常发生,习惯性的动作,表示客观事实,表示主语目前的特征,姿势和能力等；而现在进行时则表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．一般现在时表示“存在状况”时，常可采用表示状态的动词，如：be，keep，remain，stay，exist，have等，而这些动词一般很少用于现在进行时。
This rule remains to be discussed. 这条规定仍需讨论。
She has a strong accent of an American. 她带有浓重的美国口音。
3．以here，there等开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用进行时，而用一般现在时。
Look out！There comes a fierce dog. 小心,来了条凶狗。 Listen！There goes the first bell. 听，预备铃响了。
4．表示动作意义的动词，必须是习惯性的，经常性的动作或是一般性的行为才能使用一般现在时，而这种动词在现在进行时中则往往表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快多了。 I sometimes work until dawn. 我有时工作到黎明。
5．有些词（如taste，smell，sound，look等）在一般现在时中
是连系动词，而在现在进行时中则为行为动词。
I’m looking at the picture by Picasso. It looks really nice. 我正在看毕加索的画，它看起来太棒了。
The police dog is smelling the trace of the thief. 警犬正在嗅小偷的踪迹。 6．在时间，条件状语从句中，将来的动作须用一般现在时来表示。 If you fail again, I suggest you not lose heart. 如果你再次失败，我劝你不要灰心。 练习：
1. –Excuse me, where is lily?
-Oh, she the volleyball match on the playground. A. watches B. will watch C. is watching D. watched 2. The summer vacation will begin next week. David to stay with us.
A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming 3. –They about Super Voice Girl. Let’s join them. –Good idea.
A. talk B. are talking C. have a talk D. talked
4. Better go and ask him when he . We must see him off when he .
A. is leaving; leaves B. leaves; is leaving C. leave; left D. left; was leaving 5. Jack is a black jacket today.
A. have on B. wearing C. being in D. dressing himself
6. There a parent-teacher meeting this afternoon. A. is going to have B. is going to be C. are going to be D. is going to hold 7. –Listen, what’s the noise?
-My brother the program of the World Cup in the sitting-room.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. will watch
8. –What are you doing, Mom?
-I . Uncle Wang to have dinner with us tonight.
A. am cooking; is going out B. cook; goes out C. am cooking; is coming
9. Who _____ over there now?
A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
10. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
11. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 12. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 13. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep 6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking 8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans 9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting 11. On Sunday he sometimes ____ his clothes and sometimes ____ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does 12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 二、填空： 1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late. 2. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day. 3. Listen! Joan _________(sing) in the classroom. She often __________ (sing) there. 4. __________ your brother __________(know) Japanese? 5. Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day? 6. The girl __________(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She __________(wear) a red skirt today. 三、写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work___________ sing__________ play__________ study__________ dance__________ have__________ write__________ take__________ run__________ sit__________ shop__________ swim__________ lie__________ 四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 work__________ read__________ clean__________ write__________ teach__________ wash__________ guess__________ watch__________ go__________ do___________ photo______ study__________ fly__________ cry__________ play__________ have__________ 五、根据中文意思完成句子 1、学生们在干什么？有一些在打电话，另一些躺在沙滩上。 _____ _____ the students _____? Some _____ _____ on the phone, _____ _____ _____ on the beach. 2、“格林先生在看电视吗？” “不， 他在打扫房间。” “_____ Mr Green _____ TV?” “_____, He _____ _____ the house.” 3、魏芳不是在读书，她在写信。 Wei Fang _____ _____ a book. She _____ _____ a letter. 4、今天天气怎么样？_____ is the weather today? 或_____ is the weather _____ today? 5、我正在通过收音机学 (learn) 英语。 I _____ _____ English on the radio. 6、这个老人每天早上六点钟起床。 The old man _____ _____ at six o’clock in the morning every day. 7、你从哪里来？Where _____ you from? 或Where _____ you _____ from? 我从美国来。 I _____ from America. 或I _____ from America. 将下列句子改成现在进行时 1. Tom can speak Chinese. 2. We have four lessons. 3. I watch TV every day. 4. She works in a hospital. 5. Do you like this book? 6. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. 7. His father can help them. 8. Danny, open the door.
9. They watch TV in the evening. 10.What are you doing ?
Units7-8 重点句型 1．What does he/she look like? He /she is medium build,and he/she has short straight hair. 2．What do you/they look like? I’m /They’re …
3．What would you like? I’d like some noodles. 4. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like beef noodles,please.
5. What size bowl of noodles would he like?
He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.
第一册下短语总汇
1． be from/come from 来自于
2． live in 住在… 3． in China 在中国 37.work with 和…一起工作 38.talk to sb 和某人交谈 39.give sb sth/give sth to sb 给某人某物 40.police station 警察局 41.school play 校园剧 42.go out 出去
43.ask sb sth 问某人某事
44．get sth from sb 从某人处得到某物 45.do homework 做家庭作业 79.countable noun 可数名词 80.uncountable noun 不可数名词 81.phone number 电话号码 82.as well as 也
83.ice cream 冰淇淋 84.orange juice 桔汁
85.what size 什么型号/尺寸 86.what kind of 什么种类 87.have a party 举行晚会 4． in English 5． in November 6． a little 7． go to the movies 8． write to sb 9． on weekends 10.tell sb about sth 11.post office 12.pay phone 13.between…and… 14.in front of 15.in the neighborhood 16.go straight 17.on the right/left 18.turn left/right 19.take a walk 20.at the beginning of 21.have fun 22.take a taxi 23.go down 24.have a good trip 25.kind of 26.want to do sth 27.play with… 28.be quiet 29.during/in the day 30.at night 31.get up 32.every day 33.look at 34.shop assistant 35.bank clerk 36.TV station 用英语 在十一月 一点儿 去看电影 给某人写信 在周末
告诉某人某事 邮局
投币式公用电话 在…和…之间 在…前面 在附近 直走
在右侧/左侧 向左转/右转 散步
在…的开端 玩得开心 乘出租车 顺着…走 旅途愉快 有几分 想要做某事 与…一起玩 安静 在白天 在夜晚 起床 每天 看着… 店员
银行职员 电视台 46.watch TV 47.eat/have dinner 48.talk on the phone 49.TV show 50.wait for 51.talk about 52.play basketball 53.at school 54.read books 55.not bad 56.take photos 57.look cool 58.have a good time 59.thank sb for doing sth 60.play computer games 61.pretty good 62.play beach volleyball 63.look for 64.lie on the beach 65.short/long hair 66.curly/straight hair 67.medium build/height 68.look like 69.the captain of… 70.a little bit 71.love to do sth 72.tell jokes 73.stop doing sth 74.like doing sth 75.pop singer 76.play chess 77.would like 78.green tea 看电视 吃晚饭 打电话 电视节目 等待 谈论 打篮球 在学校 看书 不错 拍照
看上去很酷 玩得开心
感谢某人做了某事 打电脑游戏 好极了 打沙滩排球 寻找
躺在沙滩上 短/长发 卷/直发
中等身材/个子 看起来像
…的队长/首领 一点儿；少许 喜欢做某事 讲笑话
停止做某事 喜欢做某事 流行歌手 下棋 想要 绿茶 88．play the guitar 89.stay at home 90.play tennis 91.play soccer 92.do some reading 93.clean one’s room 94.go for a walk 95.middle school 96.go shopping 97.talk show 98.go to the beach 99.practice English 100.study for the test 101.go on vacation 102.the Great Wall 103.have fun doing sth 104.summer camp 105.the Palace Museum 106.Tian’an Men Square 107.how/what about…? 108.key ring 109.think of 110.soap opera 111.sports show 112.in fact 113.situation comedy 114.game show 115.enjoy doing 116.agree with 117.too many rules 118.be late for class 119.after school 120.dinning hall 弹吉他 呆在家里 打网球 踢足球 阅读 打扫房间 去散步 中学 去购物
（电视，广播的）访谈节目 去海滩 练习英语 准备测试 去度假 万里长城
很开心地做某事 夏令营 故宫
天安门广场 …怎么样？ 钥匙链 想到；认为 肥皂剧 体育节目 事实上 情景喜剧 游戏节目 喜欢做… 同意
太多规则 上课迟到 放学后 餐厅
wait for; on tstation; go stbeach volleybapost office; s
相关推荐：
loading