独立主格在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件和方式、伴 随。
今天是星期天，你不必去上学。 原因从句： 分词表示：
（ It being Sunday 构成独立主格结构在句子中作原因状语） Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.(× )
（因分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，所以句子错误。） 官员们都到齐了，宣布开会。 分词表示： 时间状语从句：
After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.
天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。 分词表示： 条件状语从句：
If weather permits, we'll go to the Summer Palace. =All the work is done and you can have a rest. 所有的工作都完成了，你们可以休息了。 注意
分词做独立主格有时前面可以加 with 或 without
The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green.树叶都绿了，使得公园很漂亮。 实力测验 一．汉译英
1．我要点开水泡茶。
2．不要喝河里的水，可以喝凉开水（冷开水）。 3．即将生产的那种彩电并不比进口的差。
4．我有许多事情要做，不能参加后天九点举行的会议。 5．背着一个篮子，他开始爬山了。 6．背在妈妈的背上，这个小孩睡着了。 7．请填好表格，写下你的姓名和地址。
8．我觉得特别疲倦，因此吃完饭我就上床了。
9．他一认出他童年时期的那位朋友，就走了过去向他问好。 10．他认出了她，可是假装着没看到他。 11．正在修理的那台收音机是谁的？
12．正在翻译成英语的那本小说是一位青年作家写的。 13．我觉得有人溜进了我的房间。
14．那孩子听到有人一步一步地在上楼梯。 15．你每隔多久叫人把房间油漆一次？
16．你的衣服是自己做的还是叫别人做的？ 17．关掉水龙头，别让水浪费掉。
18．老师们让孩子们在草地上玩。（再变为被动语态） 二．把下列从句变为简单句（带分词）
1． When I entered the room , I saw a strange sight.
2． As I did not know her address , I could not write to her. 3． Though I admit what you say, I still think you should meet him.
4． When he was left alone, the boy began to cry.
5． After he has locked the door, he goes out for a walk. 三．选择填空（历届高考题）
1． ----How did the audience (观众) receive the new play? ----They got very ____.(85) A． excite B． excited C． excitedly D． exciting
2． This news sounds ____.(85) A． encouraging B． encouraged C． encourage D． to encourage
3 ． ____anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.(85) A． Not known B． known not C． Knowing not D． Not knowing
4． ----How did Bob do in the exams this time? ----Well, his father seems ____with his results. A． pleasing B． please C． pleased D． to please.
5． My brother is busy ____for the exam.(86) A． preparing B． to prepare C． prepared D． was prepares
6． When he was decorating his house, he got the bedroom ____ first.(87) A． to paint B． painting C． painted
D． to be painted
7． ____his manners, he put his feet up on the desk.(88) A． Forgotten B． Forgetting
C． Being forgetting D． Being forgotten
8． ____more attention, the trees could have grown better. A． Given B． To give C． Giving
D． Having given
9． The secretary worked late into the night, ____a long speech for the president.(91) A． to prepare B． preparing C． prepared
D． was preparing
10． The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.(91) A． beeing tied B． having tied C． to be tied D． tied
11． ____a reply, he decided to write again.(92) A． Not receiving B． Receiving not
C． Not having received D． Having not received
12．“ Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.(93) A． angrily pointing B． and point angrily C． angrily pointed
D． and angrily pointing
13． The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(94) A． having added B． to add C． adding D． added
14． The first text book ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94) A． having written B． to be written C． being writen D． written
15． The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.(94) A． playing
B． to be playing
C． play D． to play 解答 一．
1． I want some boiling water to make tea.
2． Don't drink the water in the rivers, you can/may drink cold boiled water.
3． The TV sets to be produced will be as good as those imported from abroad.
4． I have a lot of things to do, so I won't be able to attend the meeting to be held at nine the day after tomorrow.
5． Carrying a basket on his back , he began to chimb the hill. 6． Carried on its mother's back , the baby fell asleep. 7． Please fill in the form, giving your name and address. 8． Being very tired, I went to bed soon after dinner.
9． Recognizing the old friend of his in his childhood, he went over to say hello to him.
10． Having recognized her , he pretended not to have seen her. 11． Whose is the TV set being repaired?
12． The novel being translated into English was written by a young writer.
13． I felt somebody steal into my room.
14． The child heard someone coming upstairs step by step. 15． How often do you have (get) your room painted?
16． Did you make your clothes yourself or have them made? 17． Turn off the tap. Don't have the water running to waste! 18． The teachers let the children play on the grass. 被动： The children were let (to) play on the grass. 二．
1． Entering the room, I saw a strange sight.
2． Not knowing her address, I could not write to her.
3． Admitting what you say, I still think you should meet him. 4． Left alone, the boy began to cry.
5． Having locked the door, he goes out for a walk. 三．
1． B 2． A 3． D 4． C 5． A 6． C 7． B 8． A 9． B 10． D 11． C 12． A 13． C 14． D 15． A
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