翻译的整理

翻译的整理 以下整理出来的02-10年每一年翻译中不太好翻有难点的句子 很多同学觉得自己懂了或者通过看解析懂了 所以也没有过来提问 但是实际上没懂 02 They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 这一句有两个of 碰见这种情况从最后一个of 往前面倒 这个句子就是先说第二个of 再说第一个Of 后面的 翻译为：传统理论的自主的人所拥有的。

Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 这个句子比较难 主要是在后半句有一个省略。Until除了有直到才的意思 还有在…之前 主要给你们解析后面半句话。and并列的前后两部分的成分是要相等的 做阅读的时候找并列先往后面看 后面并列式Ving前面就并列Ving 后面是名词前面就是名词。这个句子要先看前面因为它不完整。And前面有一个逗号 这个逗号就告诉我们它并列的不是两个词是两个句子 但是with it中的it 指的是前面那个分句“a technology of behavior……..be rejected,”意思是随着前面那个句子所说的情况的发生 with it 做时间状语，possibly也是状语 to solve our problem是way的定语翻译为：”解决我们问题的…” 名词直接加to do doing done 形容词短语 介词短语都是后置定语。所以我们分析后面半部分只有主语: “解决我们问题的唯一方式” 但是却没有谓语 这里就是一个省略 有省略说明前面肯定有重复的部分 所以我们要往上面找谓语 前半句的谓语是will continue to be rejected所以the only way to solve our problems的谓语也是这个翻译的时候要把它补充出来： “解决我们问题的唯一方式也将继续被排斥

03 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

这个句子注意翻好in the same …………..manner ：以一种同样合理的，有序的，系统的……的方式 这种方式也是自然科学家研究自然现象时使用的。

The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 这个句子就是combined with 它和coupled with 的翻译都差不多 就把它理解为“连同 加上 和”的意思就可以了。 “brought” 是perspective的后置定语表示被动的意思。跨文化的视角是被带到过去和现在的文化分析当中的。

Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 这个句子注意的在于 “makes possible……………………….understanding” 大家要熟悉这个make的用法 经常使用的形式就是make sth.①sth.②/adj（或者sth②换成形容词）使什么东西成为什么东西/变成什么样.很多情况下sth①很长的时候就会后置 所以这个句子通常的语序应该是makes immense amounts of concrete research and understanding possible. 04

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 这一句有些人不知道中间那个since怎么处理，这个since属于插入语，插在了have vanished的中间。在这个划横线的句子的上一句提到了时间 这个指的是自从那个时间开始。“be obliged to”的意思是“感谢” “as”是因为

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 拿到一个句子先把整个句子读一遍再翻译 从整体上把握这个句子。这个句子“so…that”这个结构离得很远 很多同学都没有看到 05

Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 破折号后面有一个部分倒装never这个否定词放在了句首要进行部分倒装 将助动词或者情态动词放到主语的前面 Only放在句首也是如此。在做翻译时应该把倒装的助动词或者情态动词还原回去 按照正常的语序翻译。

This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 该句子中的alone修饰的是主语This，仅仅只是这个。提一下翻译当中第一次提到的代词要往上一句看指代的是什么 将指代的词翻译出来不能单单翻代词。a fact是前面句子的同位语 underlined……是后置定语修饰fact 后面that 引导的定语从句是修饰statistics的 out of 的意思是 “在…当中”

翻译当中先把主句找出来 再解决从句。翻译的时候状语，从句要先翻。当定语从句和同位语很长的时候把定语从句或同位语从句单独翻译，将定语从句中关系代词指代的先行词说出来放到从句里当一个单独的句子翻译。这里a fact这个同位语翻译的时候最好单独翻译“这是一个被数据强调的事实。”

In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” 这里的scale是规模的意思。 06年

I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. elect sth① as sth② 把?选为?.跟前面说的一样 如果宾语也就是sth①太长的时候 经常会后置。变成elect as sth. ②sth①的结构。如此句中出现的那样。它正常的语序应该是elected the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life 翻译为 选择以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为生活中的主要的责任和乐趣

同样的结构还有consider/define/think/classify sth① as sth②/adj 这里的as 都是作为的意思。通常as后面如果接的是名词都翻译为“为，作为”as 的其他意思还有“像?一样，正如?”；“因为”；“随着，当”；“尽管”

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 这一题需要注意的地方是方式状语“in as obvious a manner as possible”插入。（这个结构等于你们所熟悉的in a a manner s obvious as possible “以尽可能明显的方式” 真题很喜欢用这种结构它和我们熟悉的另外一个结构是一样的意思。就是把名词放到了as 中间而已）它插在了动词revealing和宾语the course of …….之间。换个没有插入的语序同学们应该更容易看懂revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible .

But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 这一句要点到的是not….any more than的翻译。它和no more…than…..（这后面是个句子） 意思一样 翻译的时候都要翻译成原级“和…一样 都不…”或者“正如…也不”注意前面有否定 因为是同级比较后面肯定也是要有否定的。这个any more than 后面的句子没有否定词翻译的时候一定要加进去“正如一个商人也不被期待….”

They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

“more than”的意思是“不仅仅”；如果后面加形容词那么意思就是“非常”；加数字就是“比…更多” on less than 加数字表示“不少于”如果不是的话翻译为“相当” 07

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. Parallel 在真题中的意思通常都是“相似，类似”。这题最难的地方在于links 后面的是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.定语从句中间还有一个as引导的时间状语从句“当他们报道和评论新闻的时候”。我

们把先行词还原回从句当中看看它的位置应该在哪里：“journalists forge the links on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.”

But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 这一句主句是But the idea rests on （依赖，取决于） an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. idea后面是一个同位语从句 这两个of 还是一样从最后一个往前面倒。“新闻媒体” 的“既定的习俗和责任”的“理解”

08年

he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 这里of 后面的东西太长不好翻译 我们可以拆开来翻译。因为of 是翻译成“….的”那么我们就可以把advantage后面的当一个定语从句单独翻译。“这种补偿性的优势迫使他…..”

He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 这一句要注意地地方是his power to follow a long….是一个后置定语 大家要熟悉后置定语和伴随状语的形式。

On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

这里不好翻译的是as well founded “founded”是有根据的意思 “as well” 是“也”的意思。这里有个“也” 而前面有否定词not 所以这里也有否定的意思“他不接受….的指责：（后面的同位语从句他是一个好的观察者…..）也认为是没有根据的”

提醒一下在真题中“study”基本都是“研究”的意思 “reason”做动词都是“推理”的意思 09年

It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

Measure这里的意思不是 “措施”而是“衡量”。阅读理解中有一年“cause”用的意思不是“起因”而是“事业”

Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 这个句子也是考的一个倒装only 放在句首用了部分倒装。还原成正常的语序应该是the by-product of the institution was noted only gradually, and still this effect was considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually.

We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. distinguish和宾语中间插了一个地点状语within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 翻译的时候要写把这个状语翻译了 distinguish的宾语是a more formal kind of education

10年

It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Eliminate尽管有个逗号但后后面的是它的直接宾语 but that….是和前面的that lack…是两个并列的定语从句 都是修饰 the land community.

10年的翻译不怎么难 就是有一些词组要了解“to the effect”的意思是“大意是…” Time was when 的意思是“曾几何时”

新题型一共分三种 1. 小标题

小标题的做法是把给出段落的每个主题句找出来 看看讲的最多的是什么 就选那个做标题 不要因为简单太掉以轻心 还是把给出段落的每个段落讲什么弄清楚再选 还有注意段落与段落之间的承上启下的句子。 2. 7选5

这种提醒不用读完整个文章 也是先了解选项大概的意思是什么细节都不要读 免得浪费时间 但是首尾两句要读。然后你看你空出来的那个地方的上一句的意思是什么 下一句的意思又是什么 根据这两句找逻辑关系就可以了 其他段落基本上都可以不读 3. 排序

排序比较难 注意惯用词组的连接。也是抓给出段落的主题句。一定要把段落的首尾两句读懂 然后抓逻辑关系。