音标教学资料

一、 字母

字母顺序表

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

字母的读音

字母 发音 字母 发音 字母 发音 字母 发音 Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg

/ei/ Hh /ei t∫/ Oo /ai/ Pp /?u / Vv /pi:/ Ww /kju:/ Xx /a:/ Yy /vi:/ /d?blju:/ /eks/ /wai/ /zed/ /bi:/ Ii /si:/ Jj /di:/ Kk /i:/ /ef/ Ll Mm /dзei / Qq /kei/ /el/ /em/ /en/ Rr Ss Tt Uu /es:/ Zz /ti:/ /ju:/ /dзi:/ Nn 二、 语音

音素、音标的概念

（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。 （2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。 音标的分类

记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。

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元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。

单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] ]?:] [?[ [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]

辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。

清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h] 浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m]

[n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]

元音：

前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:] ]?:] [?[ [u:] [u] 中元音：[?] [?:] [?]

双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i] 辅音：

爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 鼻音： [m] [n] [?]

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摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h] 破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] 半元音：[w] [j] 舌边音：[l]

音标书写规范

前元音 [i:]

[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee e: me be she he we evening

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ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean

根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。 1.seat rain bean cat 2.gift feet teacher dog 3.pig star tree jeep 4.sweet sea fish the

eat [ i:t ] 吃 tea [ ti: ]茶 peach [ pi:t? ]桃 he [ hi:]他 she [ ?i: ]她 beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉 jeep [ d?i:p ]吉普车 key [ ki: ] 钥匙 meat [ mi:t ] 肉 cheap [ t?i:p ] 便宜的

[i]

[i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin e: begin behind jacket basketball

y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay:Sunday Saturday Friday

根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship

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3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly

fish [ fi? ] 鱼 gym [ d?im ] 健身房 kid [ kid ] 小孩 fifth [ fifθ ] 第五 sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹 this [ eis ] 这个 is [ iz]是 six [ siks ] 六 pig [ pig ]猪 slipper [ 'slip? ]拖鞋

[e]

[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast

根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy

desk [ desk ] 桌子 pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红色的 eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一 bed [ bed ] 床 bread [ bred] 面包 egg [ eɡ]蛋 yes [ yes ] 是

[?]

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[?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a

a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map

根据发音规则，找出每组中发[?]的单词。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple

bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇 math [ m?θ ]数学 jacket [ 'd??kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ '?pl ]苹果 can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage ['k?bid?] 卷心菜

中元音

[?]

[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast

根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy

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young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday['m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday['s?ndi ] lunch [ l?nt? ]午餐 under [ '?nd? ]在…下面 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时

[?:]

[?:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or er: her serve term

ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ear:early learn or: word work world

根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse

3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term

curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘 her [ h?:]她的 shirt [ ??:t ]衬衫 girl [g?:l ] 女孩 thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十

[?]

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skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子 nurse [ n?:s ]护士 [?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e ure: picture

er:teacher brother dinner father sister ar: sugar or:doctor

a:panda about above camera sofa China

根据发音规则，找出发[?]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader

today [ t?'dei ]今天 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 river [ 'riv? ]河，江 summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季 colour [ 'k?l? ]颜色computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠

后元音

[ɑ:]

grass [grɑ:s]草 smart[smɑ:t]聪明 park [ pɑ:k ] 公园 grandpa [ 'ɡr?ndpɑ: ]爷爷 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室 farm [ fɑ:m ] 农田 farmer [ 'fɑ:m? ]农夫 bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 are [ ɑ:]是

[?:]

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[?:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water

aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall

or:horse corn fork or short oor:floor door

根据发音规则，找出发[?:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare

3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk

floor [ fl?: ] 地板 tall [ t?:l ]高的 for [f?:]为了 salty [ 's?:lti ]咸的 walk [ w?:k ]走 board [ b?:d ]木板

[?]

[?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long a: watch

根据发音规则，找出发[?:]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog

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short [ ??:t ] 不足fall [ f?:l ]秋天 wall [ w?:l ]墙

3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl

closet [ 'kl?zit ]壁橱 forest [ 'f?rist ]森林 because [ bi'k?z ]因为 mom [ m?m ]妈妈 what [ hw?t]什么 chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子 dog [ [d?ɡ]狗 doctor [ d?kt? ]医生 sock [ s?k ]袜子

[u:]

[u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui o: do who whose oo: food moon too ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude

根据发音规则，找出不发[u:]的单词。

1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon

3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch

fruit [ fru:t ]水果 noon [ nu:n ]中午 school [ sku:l ]学校 blue [ blu: ]蓝色的 shoe [ ?u: ] 鞋子 room [ ru:m ]房间

[u]

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kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠 cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的 soup [ su:p ] 汤 [u]发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u o:woman wolf

oo:look good book foot wood u:bull bullet

根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。 1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot 3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name

book [ buk ] 书 look [ luk ]看 wood [ wud ]树林 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室 notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本 bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室

双元音(一) [ai]

[ai] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy i: kite bike nice tiger write knife y: by cry fly my sky try why ie:tie pie uy:buy

根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词. 1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse

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3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite

kind [ kaind]和蔼的 like [ laik ]喜欢 why [ hwai ] 为什么 quiet [ 'kwai?t ] 安静的 Friday ['faidi ]星期五 behind [ bi'haind ]在…后面 July [dзu:lai]七月 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ] 有时 fly [ flai ] 飞 fight [ fait ] 打架

[ei]

[ei] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train wait

ay:day May play taday way 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样 的单词。

1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train

grape [greip ]葡萄 lake [ leik ]湖泊 today [ t?'dei ]今天 they [ eei]他们 name [ neim ]名字 play [ plei ]玩 snake [ sneik ]蛇

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eight [ eit ]八 may [ mei ] 可以 cake [ keik ]蛋糕 [i?]

[i?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer

根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[i?]的1个 单词。

1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come 3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three

here [ hi? ] 这里 ear [ i? ]耳朵 near[ni?]近的 really [ 'ri?li]真地

[?u]

[?u] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow o: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow:show window snow bowl 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[?u]的2个单词。 1．coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp

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dear [ di? ]亲爱的 old [ ?uld]老的 tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆 tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服 road [ r?ud ]马路 yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的 cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的 snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的 home [ h?um ] 家

双元音(二)

[u?]

[u?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ure oor: poor our: tour ure: sure pure

根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[u?]的1个单词。 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer

sour [ 'sau? ] 酸的 sure [ ?u?]当然可以

[au]

[au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower cow how now down 根据发音规则，选出不发[au]的单词。 1．mouse cloud arm clown

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flower['flau?] 花 2.teacher trousers cow mouth 3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby

flower [ 'flau? ]花 house [ haus]房子 about [ ?'baut ]关于 playground [ 'pleigraund ]操场 now [ nau ]现在 mouth [ mauθ ] 嘴巴 cloud [ klaud ]云 wow [ wau ] 哇

[ε?]

[e?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear air: hair chair pair ear:pear bear wear

根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[e?]的1个单词。 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three

there [ eε?]那里 wear [ wε? ]穿着 yeah [ jε? ]是 chair [ t?ε? ]椅子

[?i]

[?i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy oi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy

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mountain [ 'mauntin ]山 pair [ pε? ]一双 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[?i]的2个单词. 1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk

boy [ b?i ] 男孩 noise [ n?iz ]噪音 爆破音 [p]

pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔 pants [ p?nts ]裤子 pig [ pig]猪 please [ pli:z ]请

[b]

book [ buk ]书 beef [ bi:f ]牛肉 board [ b?:d ]木板 [t]

two [ tu: ]二 today [ t?'dei ] 今天 tofu [ 't?ufu: ] 豆腐 teacher [ 'ti:t?? ]老师 toy [ t?i ]玩具 enjoy [ in'd??i ]享受

pen [ pen ] 钢笔 picture [ 'pikt?? ]照片 play [ plei ]玩 pear [ pε? ]梨 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆 park [ pɑ:k ]公园 boy [ b?i ]男孩 bed [ bed ]床 bread [ bred ]面包 brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟 big [ big]大的 banana [ b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉

ten [ ten ]十 time [ taim ]时间 twelve [ twelv ]十二 twenty [ 'twenti ]二十 tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 tasty [ 'teisti ]美味的tell [ tel ] 告诉

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[d]

door [ d?: ]门 desk [ desk ]桌子 dog [ [d?ɡ]狗 do [du: ]做 dinner [ 'din? ]晚餐 doctor [ d?kt? ]医生 duck [ d?k ]鸭子 day [ dei ]一天 food [ fu:d ]食物

[k]

kind [ kaind ]和蔼的 kitchen [ 'kit?in ]厨房 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠 climb [ klaim ]爬，攀登 computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kid [ kid ]小孩 clean [ kli:n ]清洁的 come [ k?m ]来 cousin [ 'k?z?n ]堂兄弟姐妹

[g]

girl [g?:l ]女孩 green [gri:n ]绿色 grape [greip ]葡萄 grass [grɑ:s]草 garden [ 'gɑ:dn ]花园 goat [g?ut ]山羊 go [g?u ]走 grandmother [ 'gr?nd,m?e? ]祖母 grandfather [ 'gr?nd,fɑ:e? ]祖父

鼻音 [m]

milk [ milk ]牛奶 mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲 me [ mi:]我 may [ mei ]可以 my[ mai ]我的 mom [ m?m ]妈妈 math [ m?θ ]数学 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 mutter [ 'm?t? ]羊肉

[n]

nurse [ n?:s ]护士 new [ nju:]新的 name [ neim ]名字 nine [ nain ]九 now [ nau ]现在 November[ n?u 'vemb?]十一月 ninth[ nainθ ]第九 next [ nekst ]下次 near [ ni? ]近的

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[?]

strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮 long [ l??, l?:? ]长的 pink [ pi?k ]粉红色 english [ 'i?gli? ]英语 evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上

摩擦音（一）

[f]

[f]发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe

ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh

选出下列单词中不发[f]的单词，写在横 线上。

knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf

friend [ frend ]朋友 fish [ fi? ]鱼 fan [ f?n ]风扇 flow [ fl?u ]流动 for [f?: ]为了 four [ f?: ] 四 fresh [ fre? ] 新鲜

[v]

very [ 'veri ]很，非常 twelve [ twelv ]十二 精选

father [ 'fɑ:e? ] 爸爸 flower [ 'flau? ]花 five [ faiv ]五 vest [ vest ] 背心

active [ '?ktiv ]积极的 summer [ 's?m? ] 夏天 five [ faiv ]五 favourite [ 'feiv?rit ]最喜爱的 evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上 everyone [ 'evriw?n ] 每个人 vegetable [ 'ved?it?bl ]蔬菜

[s]

student [ 'stju:d?nt]学生 sorry [ 's?:ri]对不起 six [ siks ]六 strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮 seven [ 'sev?n ]七 sky [ skai ]天空 summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 [z]

season [ 'si:z?n ]季节 because [ bi'k?z ]因为 zebra [ 'zi:br? ]斑马 zero [ 'zi?r?u]零

摩擦音（二） [θ]

[θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合th

th: three thin third teeth mouth 根据发音规则，圈出不发[θ]的单词。 1．father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth

thin [ θin ]瘦的 fifth [ fifθ ] 第五 精选

strict [ strikt ] 严格的 sleep [ sli:p ] 睡觉

woods[woodz]树林 please [ pli:z ]高兴

math [ m?θ ]数学

path [ pɑ:θ, p?θ ]道路 healthy [ 'helθi ]健康的 ninth [ nainθ ]第九 mouth [ mauθ ]嘴巴 thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十

[e]

[e]发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: father mother brother clothes weather

根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 [e]的1个单词。 1．than sister brother three 2. weather thank night good 3. tie look teeth they 4. thin father throat watch

brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟 father [ 'fɑ:e? ]父亲 this [ eis]这个 that [ e?t]那个

they [ eei]他们 there [ eε? ]那里 [∫]

[∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure

sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[∫]的2个单词。 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship

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mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲 those [ e?uz ]那些

3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf

fish [ fi? ]鱼 fresh [ fre? ] 新鲜的 english [ 'i?gli? ]英语 short [ ??:t ]短的 she [ ?i: ] 她 washroom [ 'w??rum ]洗手间

[з]

[3]发这个音的字母和字母组合s s: television, usually, Asia measure a garage,

an unusual collision; a great decision; my pleasure

根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[3]的2个单词。 1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship 3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf

Usually ['ju: зu?li]通常

[r]

ruler [ 'ru:l? ]尺子 rice [ rais ]米饭 really [ 'ri?li]真地 right [ rait ]正确的 river [ 'riv? ]河，江 road [ r?ud ]马路 [h]

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run [ r?n ]跑 red [ red ]红的 fresh [ fre? ]新鲜的

her [ h?: ]她 have [ h?v ]有 help [ help ] 帮助 hen [ hen ]母鸡 hundred [ 'h?ndr?d ] 一百 he [ hi:]他 house [ haus, hauz ] 房子 honey [ 'h?ni ]蜂蜜 home [ h?um ] 家

破擦音

[t∫]

[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch ch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match

根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词，并抄下来。 chair dumpling beach cheese night she monkey

China church these flower egg dream shark chick catch

lunch [ l?nt? ]午饭 teacher [ 'ti:t?? ]老师 chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子 picture [ 'pikt?? ]照片

[dз]

[d3]发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage

根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[d3]的单词。 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job

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chair [ t?ε? ]椅子 gift gate orange drug jeans gun

jeep [ d?i:p ] 吉普车 gym [ d?im ] 健身房 jacket [ 'd??kit ]夹克vegetable [ 'ved?it?bl ]蔬菜 cabbage ['k?bid?]卷心菜 jump [ d??mp ]跳

[tr]

[tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr

tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick

根据发音规则，找出没有发[tr]的3个单词写在后面的横线上。 seats truck train trash tractor drink street drug trousers

strict [ strikt ]严格的 strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮 tree [ tri: ] 树木

[dr]

[dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr

dr: draw drink driver dragon dry

根据发音规则，找出每组中发[dr]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。

1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum

hundred [ 'h?ndr?d ] 一百 draw [ dr?: ]画 dress [ dres ]穿，连衣裙 bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ]卧室

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[ts]

[ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes

根据发音规则，找出发[ts]的4个单词写在后面的横线上。 sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kids short [ ??:ts ]短的 pants [ p?nts ] 短裤

[dz]

[dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides

根据发音规则，找出发[dz]的5个单词写在后面的横线上。 coats hands cats kites beds words pets kids seats horse sands gates woods [ wudz ] 树林

半元音

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[w]

window [ 'wind?u ]窗户 wall [ w?:l ]墙 weather [ 'wee? ]天气 windy [ 'windi ] 有风的 weekend [ ,wi:k'end]周末 wait [ weit ]等候 white [ hwait ]白的 winter [ 'wint? ]冬季

[j]

yes [ yes ]是 year [ j?:]一年 your [ j?: ]你的，你们的 you [ ju: ]你，你们 yesterday [ 'jest?ddei ]昨天

舌边音 [l]

[l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll

l: look light lock lucky lion tail ll: ball pull dollar tell

根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[l]的单词。

1. lamp nail flag woman ( ) 2. yellow fruit lion lychee ( ) 3. grape bull laugh lake ( ) 4. dumpling moon wheel whale( )

ruler [ 'ru:l? ] 尺子 milk [ milk ]牛奶 floor [ fl?: ] 地板 shelf [ ?elf ] 书架 library [ 'laibr?ri ]图书馆 help [ help ] 帮助 精选

yet [ jet ]但是 young [ j?? ]年轻的 light [ 'lait ]灯 plate [ pleit ]碟子 lunch [ l?nt? ]午饭