eye level sell better. That’s because the foods are able to ―nudge‖ a customer towards a purchase,whether he or she has any idea about obesity argument or not. The theory has been so famous that some governments have had their own ―nudge units,‖such as the Behavioral Insights Team in the United Kingdom.They help develop policies to make people behave ―more rationally‖ and push them towards better outcomes.
Prof. Thaler also gave us the concept of ―mental accounting.‖69) For example,people usually spend more on a debit card in a food shop compared with cash even though the money all ultimately comes from their earnings.
70) According to Prof.Thaler,we lack self-control and will act in ourownshort-termself-interest. We need extra encouragement or even reward to plan long-term,rather than simply being told that,rationally, it is a goodidea.
Having received news of the award, Prof.Thaler said that his job was to ―add human beings‖ to economic theory. Asked how he would spend his prize money, he gave just a brief answer. ―Irrationally.‖
第Ⅱ卷 （共 50 分）
ⅠSummary Writing（10%）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of
the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Rote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ―by rote‖ as:‖from memory,without though of meaning; in a mechanical way.‖
The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Ⅱbroke out when you can find the answer on the Internet in about six seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.
In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctor requires knowledge of medicine and lawyer requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.
While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life bu making it more convenient and more fun.
Drilling yourself---with flashcards or by repetition--is usually hard and boring work, which is way most people application tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.
Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.
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Ⅱ. Translation（15%）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
1. 我们中3/5以上的人热衷于田径运动。（keen）
2. 父母言行不一对孩子成长不利。（contrary）
3. 是乐观的态度和战胜疾病的毅力帮他很快恢复了。（It）
4. 申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面，准确的了解。（in orderthat）
Ⅲ.Guided Writing（25%）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given
below
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校学生会将组织一次徒步活动，并在校园网公布了如 下方案，征求师生意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括；
1. 你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议； 2. 你的理由。
徒步活动方案
主题：发现上海
时间：5 月 1 日（星期日）下午 3:00
路线：从人民广场出发，途径南京路，抵达外滩（the Bund）后原路返回
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key
I. Listening comprehension: 1-5: BDDCC 6-10: ABACD
11-13: BCC 14-16: ADD 17-20: CDCB
21.turning 26.whom
22.that 23.As 24.waseducated 25.themselves 27.because 28.haveto 29.tocommunicate 30.when
CDEJF 46-50 CCABD
60-62 DDB
31-40 GKHBI 41-45 DBADC 56-59 BCAD 67-70 EDCB
51-55 BABCD 63-66 CDCA
Summary
Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized. (49 words)
Translation
1. Three-fifths of us are keen on field and trackevents/sports.
2. It does harm to the growth of their child(ren ) that what the parents do is contrary to what they say. (parents’ words are contrary to theiractions)
3. It was his positive attitude and perseverance at defeating the disease that enabled him to recover quickly.
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4. The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of yourabilities.
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Sorry, sir. We are working on your order right now and we’ll be delivering it soon. M: Soon? Howsoon?
Q: How does the man feel? (B)
2. W: Could you tell me the starting time for bothperformances?
M: The first begins at 7:00 o’clock, and it lasts two hours. The second follows immediately after a ten-minute break.
Q: At what time does the second show start? (D)
3. M: I must say, Miss, the food was great and I’ve never had betterservice.
W: Well, thank you, Sir. I’ll pass your praise on to the cook and the manager. And thanks too for the tip.
Q: What is the woman’s job? (D)
4. M: Excuse me, can you tell me the title of this oilpainting?
W: Sorry, I don’t know for sure. But I guess it’s an early 18th century work. Let me look it up in the catalogue.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? (C)
5. W: Did you hear? They are moving Kathy to the New York office? M: They are? That’s news tome. Q: What does the man mean? (C)
6. W: Excuse me, would you please tell me when the next flight to Torontois?
M: Sure. The next direct flight to Toronto is two hours from now, but if you don’t mind transferring in Vancouver, you can board now. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (A)
7. M: Have you heard what George has been saying about your work? W: Yes, I have. But to be honest, I couldn’t careless. Q: What does the woman mean? (B)
8. M: Do you want to go on a trip with us to Australia this spring? It will cost about 15,000 dollars aperson.
W: 15,000? Do you think my father has just left me a large fortune? Q: What can be inferred about the woman? (A)
9. W: Jack, would you like to join the school tennis club? It’swonderful.
M: I should say I envy you. I just turned in my term paper and now I am collecting information for the school conference which is to begin next week. Q: What is the man doing now? (C)
10. W: Thanks to the seat belt, otherwise you would have been seriously injured in the car accident.
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