摘要
随着计算机技术的快速发展,传统的制造业开始了根本性的变化,各工业发达国家投入巨资,对现代制造技术的发展的研究,提出了一种新的制造模式。在现代制造系统中,数控技术是关键技术,它集微电子、计算机、信息处理、自动检测、自动控制等高新技术于一体,具有精度高的特点,高效、灵活的自动化和灵活的实现生产自动化、集成、智能扮演重要的角色。本文通过分析技术的典型的轴类零件,从图纸的分析,夹紧方案、加工路线、刀具选择、切削参数的选择、数控车削过程的过程做了全面的阐述。世界制造业转移，中国正逐步成为世界加工厂。美国、德国、韩国等国家已经进入发展的高技术密集时代与微电子时代，钢铁、机械、化工等重化工业发展中期。
由于数控机床综合应用了电子计算机、自动控制、伺服系统、精密检测与新型机械结构等方面的技术成果，具有高的高柔性、高精度与高度自动化的特点，因此，采用数控加工手段，解决了机械制造中常规加工技术难以解决甚至无法解决的单件、小批量，特别是复杂型面零件的加工，应用数控加工技术是机械制造业的一次技术革命，使机械制造的发展进入了一个新的阶段，提高了机械制造业的制造水平，为社会提供高质量，多品种及高可靠性的机械产品。
本次设计主要是对数控加工工艺进行分析与具体零件图的加工，首先对数控加工技术进行了简单的介绍，然后根据零件图进行数控加工分析。
关键词： 轴类零件； 数控加工； 工艺分析； 加工程序
Abstract
With the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional manufacturing industry began a fundamental change, the industrial developed countries invested heavily in research and development of modern manufacturing technology, and put forward a new manufacturing model. In modern manufacturing system, the numerical control technology is the key technology, which combines microelectronics, computer, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control and other high technology in one, with the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency, flexibility and automation, the manufacturing industry plays a decisive role to realize flexible automation, integrated, intelligent. In this paper, through the analysis of the typical shaft parts of the process, from the drawing analysis, the clamping scheme, processing route, cutting tool selection, cutting parameter selection, machining process and other aspects of the numerical control turning process is described in this paper.
Because the technology of CNC machine tool of comprehensive application of computer, automatic control, servo system, precision detection and a novel mechanical structure and so on, with high flexibility, high precision and high automation features, therefore, by means of NC machining, solves the problem of mechanical manufacturing in the conventional processing technology is difficult to solve the single, even can not be solved small batch processing, especially for complex workpieces, a technology revolution of CNC machining technology is the machinery manufacturing industry, the development of machinery manufacturing has entered a new stage, to improve the manufacturing level of the machinery manufacturing industry, provides the high quality for the society, multi variety and high reliability of mechanical products.
This design is mainly on the numerical control processing technology analysis and the specific parts of the processing, the first on the numerical control processing technology to carry on a simple introduction, and then according to the parts of the numerical control processing analysis.
Key words: Shaft Parts; NC Machining; Process Analysis; Machining
Program
目 录
第一章概述 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 国外数控发展概况 ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内发展现状 ............................................................................................. 1 第二章工艺方案分析 ....................................................................................... 3 2.1 零件图及零件图分析 ................................................................................. 3 2.2 确定加工方法 ............................................................................................. 4 2.3 确定加工方案 ............................................................................................. 4 第三章工件的装夹 ........................................................................................... 5 3.1 定位基准的选择 ......................................................................................... 5 3.2 定位基准选择的原则 ................................................................................. 5 3.3 确定零件的定位基准 ................................................................................. 5 3.4 装夹方式的选择 ......................................................................................... 6 3.5 数控车床常用装夹方式 ............................................................................. 6 3.6 确定合理的装夹方式 ................................................................................. 7 第四章刀具及切削用量 ................................................................................... 8 4.1 选择数控刀具的原则 ................................................................................. 8 4.2 选择数控车削用刀具通用点，刀具，刀具，三种圆弧刀具 ................ 8 4.3 设置刀点和换刀点在哪里工具开始移动到指定的位置 ........................ 8 4.4 确定切削用量 ............................................................................................. 9 第五章典型轴类零件加工 ............................................................................. 10 5.1 轴类零件加工的工艺分析 ....................................................................... 10 5.2 典型轴类零件加工工艺 ........................................................................... 11 5.2.1 根据零件图样要求、毛坯情况，确定工艺方案及加工路线 ........ 11
5.2.2 机器设备的选择 .................................................................................. 12 5.2.3 选择工具 .............................................................................................. 12 5.2.4 确定切削用量 ...................................................................................... 12 5.2.5 确定工件坐标系、刀具和刀具的变化点 .......................................... 12 5.2.6 制备过程（以ck0630车床为例） .................................................... 12 第六章数控车自动编程软件CAXA介绍 ................................................... 15 6.1 CAXA数控车界面 ................................................................................... 15 6.2 CAXA数控车进行造型设计 ................................................................... 16 6.2.1 CAXA零件造型 .................................................................................. 16 6.3 CAXA数控车加工-CAM ........................................................................ 24 6.3.1 加工工艺的确定 .................................................................................. 24 6.3.2 加工模型建立 ...................................................................................... 24 6.3.3 刀具轨迹生成 ...................................................................................... 25 6.3.4 刀具轨迹的模拟加工 .......................................................................... 25 6.3.5 生成后置代码 ...................................................................................... 25 6.3.6 输出加工代码 ...................................................................................... 26 参考文献 ......................................................................................................... 27 致谢 ................................................................................................................. 28
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