一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型It is time for sb. to do sth \到??时间了\\该??了\ It is time sb. did sth. \时间已迟了\\早该??了\ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事' I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较： 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? used to / be used to
used to + do：\过去常常\表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。 Mother used not to be so forgetful.
be used to + doing： 对??已感到习惯，或\习惯于\，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述
句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 2) be going +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
be going to / will 用于条件句时， be going to 表将来 will 表意愿 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
用现在进行时表示将来 意为：\意图\、\打算\、\安排\、常用于人。常用词
为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.
现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time?. that?结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 2）This is the? that?结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 3）最基本句型 主语+have/has+（already/just）+动词的过去分词+其他 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born..
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a
postgraduate student.
5）since和for 在现在完成时态，since后面加时间点，for后面加时间段。 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) 2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示\做??直到??\瞬间动词用于否定句，表示\到??，才??\He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
过去完成时 1） 概念：表示动作发生在过去，并在过去完成（即是常说的过去的
过去）。 其基本构成是：had+动词过去分词。
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成
时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose
等，用过去完成时表示\原本?，未能?\We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。 He said that he had learned some English before. 注意：had no ? when 还没等?? 就?? had no sooner? than 刚?? 就?? 将来完成时 1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then.
现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
2) 心理状态的动词 Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 4) 系动词 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
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