基于单片机的液体点滴速度监控装置
设计
摘 要
静脉输液是一种最常用的临床治疗方法，是护理专业的一项常用给药治疗技术。临床上应根据药物和患者情况不同配以适当的输液速度。输液过快，可能会导致中毒，更严重时会导致水肿和心力衰竭;输液过慢则可能发生药量不够或无谓地延长输液时间，使治疗受影响并给患者和护理工作增加不必要的负担。常规临床输液，普遍采用挂瓶输液，并用眼睛观察，依靠手动夹子来控制输液速度，不易精确控制输液速度，而且工作量大。
本系统是利用单片机设计并制作一个智能化的液体点滴速度监测与控制装置。该装置由水滴速度测试系统、水速控制系统、显示装置、单片机系统、键盘和报警等系统组成。应用水的压强随着高度差的变化而变化的原理，利用控制步进电动机的升降来控制点滴速度。点滴速度可用键盘来设定，设定范围为20-150(滴分)，每滴误差范围控制在10%左右。从改变设定值起到点滴速度基本稳定整个过程的调整时间小于3分钟。同时在水到达警戒线以下时能发出报警信号。
关键字 点滴速度；步进电动机；单片机；报警系统
Abstract
Intravenous infusion is one of the most commonly used in clinical treatment, is a commonly used medication nursing professional technology. Should be based on drug and clinical patients is different with the appropriate transfusion speed. Infusion too quickly, it may cause poisoning, will lead to more serious edema, and congestive too slow will probably be enough doses or unnecessarily prolong infusion time, treatment affected and add unnecessary burden to patients and nursing. Routine clinical transfusion, generally used to , by eye observation, rely on manual clip to control the transfusion speed, not easy to precisely control infusion speed, and large workload.
This system is to use single chip microcomputer intelligent design and production of a liquid drop speed monitoring and control device. The device consists of water droplets velocity test system, speed control system, keyboard, display device, microcomputer system and alarm system. Application of water pressure varies with the change of be set with keyboard, set range of 20-150 (dropsmin), control about 10% error range in 1 drop. From change the set point to the basic stability of the whole process of dropping speed adjustment time is less than 3 minutes. At the same time can send out alarm signal when the water is below the alarming.
Keywords Intravenous drip speed； the step motor；MCU；alarm system
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