连词和状语从句
考点与难点归纳：
1、状语从句连词的含义及用法比较；
2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及省略问题； 5、状语从句与其它从句区别。
考点一：连词
1.表并列关系：and, not only ...but (also) ..., neither, nor, neither ... nor ...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。 The report has not only attracted much attention, but also some sharp criticism. 那篇报道不仅吸引了许多关注，同时也遭到了一些尖锐的批评。
Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.他和他兄弟工作都不努力。 2．表选择关系：常用的有or, either ...or ..., otherwise等。
Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。 3．表转折关系：常用的有but, while, yet, still, however等。 Some men are rich, while others are poor.一些人很富有，但另一些人很贫穷。 4．表因果关系：常用的有so, for, thus, therefore(副词）. It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。 (2012·新课标全国卷)You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. A．so B．or C．and D．but
解析：句意：你得让开，否则卡车从你身边过不去。or意为“否则，要不然”，符合语境。B
考点二：时间状语从句
（一）连接词when的用法小结
1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。如：
When the film ended, they went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. When 常用于下列句式： when为并列连词意为“就在这时”。 was doing something…when was about to do…when
was on the point of doing sth... when… had done…when 3. when可以表“既然”，如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2012·江西七校联考)既然你五分钟就可以走到那儿，可你还打的去，真的太傻了。 （二）while用法小结
1. while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；从句的动作必须是持续性的，如： Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 2. while引导时间状语从句, 意为：趁…的情况赶紧做
Strike while the iron is hot.
3. while引导让步状语从句，放于主句之前，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved. 4.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.while （三）as用法小结
1. as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边…一边”；随着 She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边…一边）
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （随着） As the day went on, the weather got worse. 2. as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于”
As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. 3. as引导让步状语从句（从句必须倒装）意为“尽管”。 Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管） Hard as he worked, he can’t work out the problem. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Try as he might, he wouldn’t succeed.
注意：as从句通常将作表语的adj/n.、作状语的adv、作谓语的do(情态动词后的动词原形)提前构成倒装句。
连接词when, while, as的用法区别：
when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当……的时候”。
1) when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如： When he came in, we were having supper.
When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.
2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.
3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着……”。 She sang as she walked along.
As the election approached, the violence got worse. （四）一......就......表达法小结： 1．the moment, the instant，the minute, the second, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than这些连词引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
I came immediately you called me up.
2．如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首，主句必须部分倒装。 注意：主句过去完成时，从句一般过去时
Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考) ＝ No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 （五）time短语小结
the first /second/last time, every time, each time, next time, by the time也可引导时间状语从句，从句一般时态
The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous. Next time you come, please bring your composition. （六）till, until和not…until小结：
1. until/till从句用于肯定句主句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。：We waited until/till he came.
2. until/till从句用于否定句主句时，主句谓语动词终止性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He won’t go to bed until her father returns.
3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4．not…until句型的强调句，须将not一起提前强调： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 5. Not until... 放句首强调时，主句部分倒装。 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
注意：till/until 从句中的谓语动词都是终止性动词 （七）连接词before的小结：
1、含义：before表示“在……之前”，但还有如下意思
1） We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.“……才” 2） We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.“不到……就” 3） Please write it down before you forget it.“趁……”
4） Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. “还没来得及”
The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010·福建高考)小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
2．before的一些特殊句式
1）It will be/was…before… “还要过多久才……” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）It will be/was not…before… “不多久就…” It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 3）It is/has been＋时间段＋since…如：
It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army. （八）once的用法小结
once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。
________ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(2010·北京)
A．As B．While C．Until D．Once
The research program is so designed that once started, nothing can stop it. （九）since 用法小结
1.since引导时间状语从句，自从……
(1)从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或完成进行时。 (2)固定句型：
It is/has been＋段时间＋since＋一般过去时。
若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示多久没做…； 若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示自从做…多久了 ① —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
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