英语语法专项复习六 形容词和副词
1.多个形容词修饰时 限定词+描绘性形容词+颜色+国籍或地区+用途 各个形容词的位置： 或类别+名词
巧记口诀：限官形龄色国材 a, 以-er, -en结尾的形容词，一般作前置定语。如：lower, other,
一. 形容词的用法：
概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构1 nobody absent, everything possible 成的复合不定代词时 wooden, golden, woolen等
2.不同类型形容词 b. 不定代词或以-a为前缀的形容词，一般作后置
形容词 位置 定语。someone, something, afraid, alone, alive等 注意：有些形容词以-ly结尾的，不要和副词混淆
如friendly, lovely等
3.形容词比较构成法略
a. 两者之间比较永比较级通常与than连接 4.形容词比较级与最高 Tom is taller than his deskmate.
级的用法 b. 两者以上的事物比较用最高级，前面需加定冠词“the” That seemed to the happiest day of her life. 1. enough的位置：形容词、副词放在enough前面，名词放在enough的后面 巧记口诀：形前名后 There is enough rice for you to eat. If I had a long enough holiday, I’d visit Europe. 2. 副词比较等级构成法略。
注意：副词最高级可以the，也可不用。 Who swims (the) best in your team? a. most+形容词.一般前面需加定冠词the，但表示一种程 度上非常高的特性和品质时，不表示比较 What he said is most interesting?
副词 3. 形容词和副词 b. 比较等级的修饰。形容词副词的比较等级常可用下列
的特殊用法 词来修饰。如much, far, even, still, a little, no, any, a lot a bit等 There are now a lot more trees on the hills. c. ―比较级+and+比较‖ 越来越。。。。
“too+形容词或副词+to do sth.”太??而不能 later, latest指时间上的较迟 latter, last指顺序上的后者
d. 两种不同形式的 older, oldest 指人的年纪或事年代的久远
比较等级不同的意义 elder, eldest 指人的长幼顺序
farther, farthest 指距离上 further, furthest 指抽象意义上的
2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或the best book available, the only only修饰的名词之后 solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful 7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修skills. A.Brave enough students 饰形容词或副词时要后置 B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序，熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，
形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词 There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
2.复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year
3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。
4. 用形容词表示类别和整体
1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：这类词2）. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：
These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。
▲ 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
[说明] ①形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。②一些形容词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 The poor are losing hope.
2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 5. 形容词的作用，见下表：
作 用 例 句 定 语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 表 语 Your coat is too small. 宾语补足语 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
二、副词的用法：
概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如： not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。
1、副词的位置：
1）. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。 Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
后加上-ly可以变成副词，如slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully等。
二、副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.
2.副词的分类： 1 时间soon, now, early, finally, always, often, frequently, seldom, 副词 once, recently 5 频度副词 never 2 地点here, nearby, outside, 副词 upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式hard, well, fast, slowly, 副词 excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 4 程度almost, nearly, very, 副词 fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why
三. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下： 1． 符合规则的： 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词未尾加tall(高的) Taller tallest -er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单nice(好的) nicer nicest 音词和少数以- le结尾的双音large(大的) larger largest 节词只加-r,-st able（有能力的） abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的big(大的) bigger biggest 闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的hot (热的) hotter hottest 辅音字母，再加-er，-est \以辅音字母+y\结尾的easy(容易的) easier easiest 双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，busy(忙的) busier busiest -est 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest 音节词未尾加-er，-est narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节important(重要more important most important 词，在前面加more，most来的) more easily most easily 构成比较级和最高级。 easily(容易地) 2．几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：
原 级 比较级 最高级 good , well better best bad , ill worse worst many , much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 注意：1）. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by
far, any, a great deal；
2）. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。 3．形容词和副词比较级的用法 级别 比较程度 表达方式和意义 例 句 备 注 肯 定 As+原级+as Art is as interesting as 原 同 形 (像……一样) music. 等 式 Play as well as you can. 程 否 English is not so difficult as 级 度 定 not + so (as) +原级+as science. 形 (不如……那样) She does not study so well 式 as I do. 比较级前面不同程度 可以加 （用于两者比较级+than Jim is older than Luky. much, far, 比……) I like pork better than beef. even, still, 比比较） (a lot, a little, 较a bit等 级 比较级+and+比较级 He is growing taller and （越来越……） taller. 程度加深 The + 比较级，the + He studies better and better. 比较级 The more books she reads, （越……, 越……） the better she understand. 最最高程度 Spring is the best season of 副词最高级高（用于三者The +最高级+of (in) the year. (最……)前面的the 级 或三者以上） Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. 往往省略 4. 倍数的表达
表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 四. 词语辨析
1. close与closely
close意思是\近\； closely 意思是\仔细地\
He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2.late 与lately
late意思是\晚\； lately 意思是\最近\
You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3.deep与deeply
deep意思是\深\，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\深深地\He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4.high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5.wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是\广泛地\，\在许多地方\He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6.free与freely
free的意思是\免费\；freely 的意思是\无限制地\You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 7. good和well
well既可作副词又可作形容词。作副词时修饰动词。作形容词时可作表语，指身体好。These oranges taste good.
good只作形容词，指质量好或某人品质好。
He did very well in the exam. 8.most, almost和mostly
a. most是many, much的最高级，表示“最??”前面需加定冠词 He is one of the most famous writers in China b. most+形容词 意为“很，非常”，前需加不定冠词 Guilin is a most beautiful city
almost表示“几乎，差一点就”与nearly相似 Jack has almost finished the work
mostly表示“主要地，多半地” The guests are mostly her friends.
9.How long??，How soon??， How often??和How far??
How long: 多久，多长时间，表示动作或状态需持续多久，通常回答“for+一段时间”“since+时间点”等
—How long have you been at this school? —Er, I’ve been here for just over two years. How soon: 多快。通常回答“in+一段时间”“一段时间+later”等 —How soon will you be back? —I’ll be back in a week.
注意：若要指动作快，要用“How quickly/fast” How often: 多少时间内发生频率。通常回答“几次a day”“always”“usually”等 —How often do you watch TV？ —Once a day
注意：若指提问“多少次”则要用“How many times?” How far：距离有多远
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