6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?
7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adult looking after them?
8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain, or (b) very usual?
Language in use
unpacking complex sentences
1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions. 1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. (a) What were believable?
Her dreams about flying were believable. (b) How real were they? They were very real.
Unit 2 Childhood memories 60
(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus? The writer, Sylvia Plath.
(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense? Because she felt she was really flying. (e) What did the breathless sense feel like? It felt like a sudden shock.
(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time? Because she felt she was falling.
2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma’s boy on our block who was left out of the boys’ games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to fall down and skin his fat knees. (a) What did we find?
We found someone who could be a villain. (b) Who was the stand-in for a villain? Sheldon Fein. (c) What was he like?
He was sallow and a mamma’s boy.
(d) Where did he come from? He came from their block.
(e) Why was he left out of the boys’ games? Because he always cried and fell over.
(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down? He skinned his knees.
2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.
He has written how a Yanamam? girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.
Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control.
2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.
3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.
4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hard about something.
5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing. He has written how a Yanomam? girl from a young age and will be running a house
is expected to help her mother by the age of ten
6 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful! 7 I’m watching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.
4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.
我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马达轰鸣声。
2 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten.
Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty, and beatings are at their most severe between the ages of three and five when children are seen as particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achieved through discipline and physical punishment, and treat their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.
(? 这段话里有多处被动用法，有些译成中文时仍保留被动态，有些则应该变成主动，否
则译文就不通顺。)
相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为
poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人
们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。
5 Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极
大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可
见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。(fascination; roar; marvel at)
At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes.
2 行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地
区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take
exception to; prompt)
Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise, that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as possible as they could.__
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