名词性从句讲义

名词性从句

一、基础概念

在主从复合句中起名词作用的句子------名词性从句。包括_________、________、_________.和_______（特别注意各种从句的特征，以便于区分）。

This restaurant has nothing to recommend except that it’s cheap. Do you know that he has joined the army?

My decision is that all of us are to start to started at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. That David showed the report to the public surprised me. We must face the fact that we might lose our deposit. It should be obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees 二、名词性从句的考点 1、名词性从句的辨认能力 2、连词的正确选择

3、会分析含有名词性从句的主从复合句并且会翻译

三、名词性从句的四种结构

1、that引导的从句，that常被省略，但引导主语从句和表语从句时不能省略。 Eg. That money doesn’t grow on trees should be obvious. The question is that money doesn’t grow on trees . The little boy is told (that) money doesn’t grow on trees .

注意：第一个例句也可用it 做形式主语的句型来表达(为了避免头重脚轻）。

It should be obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees . It做形式主语的常见句型有：

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1）It + be + adj(obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, certain, probable...) + that从句 2）It + be + n(no wonder, an honor, a pity, no surprise...) + that从句

3）It + be + done(said, reported,thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged...) + that从句 2、whether/if引导的从句

Eg. Whether he has signed the contract doesn’t matter.=

It doesn’t matter whether he has signed the contract. I want to know whether/if he has signed the contract.

注意：whether/if引导的名词性从句

引导宾语从句时可通用，但介词后只用whether;引导主语从句时if不能位于句首，但it 做形式主语时可通用。但如果对whether/if没有把握时，用whether一定是保险的。 3、特殊疑问词引导的从句

Eg. How soon we will know the result is still a question. I wonder how soon we will know the result. I can’t understand why he refused.

4、以what或whatever等连接词引导的名词性关系从句(what是最常用的)

注意：名词性关系从句其实是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合，而what = the thing(s) that, whatever =

anything that，whoever= anyone who, whichever=anyone/anything that.

Eg. What they need is a good textbook.= The thing that they need is a good textbook.

Whatever he likes will be given to him.= Anything that he likes will be given to him. Whoever did this job must be rewarded.=Anyone that did his job must be rewarded.

四、名词性从句的解题顺序

1、通读全句,考虑是不是名词性从句或某种句型

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Eg. It never occured to me______you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B.what C.that D.if

2.然后仔细分析从句子内部的句子结构，划清从句内部的成分

Eg. I’d like to start my own business---- that’s_____ I’d do if had the money. A. why B. when C.which D. what

注意：which一般不在名词性从句中出现

3.将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。 五、名词性从句怎么考 1、在语法填空和短文改错中

As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly________thick the adobe wall needed to be make the cycle work on most day.f

After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 2、在阅读中

Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes

Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity — or extreme overweight — among adults is only

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6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.

53. In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.

54. This text is mainly the relationship between _________. A. Americans and the French B. life style and obesity C. children and adults D. fast food and overweight 55. The text is mainly developed __________.

A. by contrast B. by space C. by process D. by classification 56. Where does this text probably come from?

A. A TV interview B. A food advertisement C. A health report D. A book review

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