注被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加意not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。事如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was 项 made fun of by his classmates. “get ＋ 过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…
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注不 不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen, take 意用place, last, break out, come about, come out等。如：The book 事被came out last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours 项 动without reaching any agreement. 语 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, 态prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都没有被的动语态。如：The food tastes good.The cloth feels soft. His 情plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 况 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如： The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 My pen won't write. 我的笔写不出字来。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The door won't lock. 这门锁不上。 The engine won't start. 引擎发动不起来。 The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。
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1．
—Hi, Lucy, you look tired.
—I'm really tired. I ________the living room all day. A．painted B．had painted C．have been painting D．have been painted
【误】 学生容易分辨不清C与D的区别，而误选D。
【正】 C 表示我一整天都在刷房子，应该用现在完成进行时。 Nancy is not coming tonight. But she ________！(promise)
2．
【误】 But she has promised. 【正】 But she promised.
【解析】 Nancy“答应要来”这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作
出的承诺，前文已告诉我们“她不来了”，因此诺言已跟现在没有关系，只是过去的一个动作。
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3．
托尼给我打电话时，我刚完成工作，要开始洗澡。
【误】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and
started to take a shower.
【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was
starting to take a shower.
【解析】 从关键信息I had just finished my work可以看出是“正要
开始洗澡”应该是进行时，was starting 可以表示马上就要进行的动作；而started表示“开始了”。 4．
I don't really work here; I ________until the new secretary
arrives.
A．just help out B．have just helped out C．am just helping out D．will just help out
【误】 此题易受第一句话的影响，而误选A。
【正】 表示我现在只是在临时帮忙，是现在正在进行的动作，选
C。
【解析】 一般现在时表示现在的、经常性的行为或状态，而现在
进行时表示正在进行的、暂时性的动作。
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