基于单片机的步进电机调速系统毕业设计

毕业论文

摘 要

步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。

本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的步进电机的系统设计，用汇编语言编写出电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、停止程序，通过单片机、电机的驱动芯片ULN2004以及相应的按键实现以上功能，并且步进电机的工作状态要用相应的发光二极管显示出来。本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成，同时对软、硬件进行了调试，同时介绍了调试过程中出现的问题以及解决问题的方法。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点，通过调试实现了上述功能。

关键词：步进电机；脉宽调制；驱动机构；单片机；转动

毕业论文

Abstract

The open-loop system which is composed by step-motor is simple, cheap and very

practical, so there are very wide range of applications in printers and other office automation equipment and various control devices, and many other fields.

This article describes one design of step-motor system based on microcontroller.The program of the preparation of a motor , reverse, speed up, slow down, stop is written by compile language. The above functions are realized through the microcontroller, motor driver chip ULN2004 and correspond key , and the work state of stepper motor is diaplayed through the light-emitting diode. This article introduces the principle of stepper motor and single-chip microcomputer, the system hardware circuit, the program components, while software and hardware for the debugging, at the same time introduces the problems which are appeared in the debugging process and the solutions of the problems . The design has the advantages of clear , high reliability, strong stability, etc.,and the above-mentioned functions are realized through the debugging.

Key Words: Stepper motor; Pulse-width modulated; driving mechanism; singlechip; rotation

毕业论文

目 录

第1章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究概况 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 论文的主要研究内容 ................................................................................................. 2 第2章 步进电机与单片机简介 .............................................................................................. 3

2.1 步进电机介绍 ............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 步进电机驱动系统介绍 ............................................................................................. 7 2.3 单片机原理 ................................................................................................................. 9 2.4 ULN2803原理 ............................................................................................................ 17 2.5 晶体振荡器 ............................................................................................................... 19 2.6 发光二极管 ............................................................................................................... 21 第 3 章 系统整体硬件结构 ................................................................................................ 22

3.1 系统框图 ................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 电源部分 ................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 按键部分 ................................................................................................................... 23 3.4 驱动部分 ................................................................................................................... 24 3.5 显示部分 ................................................................................................................... 25 第4章 系统软件设计 ............................................................................................................ 27

4.1 系统开发软硬件环境 ............................................................................................... 27 4.2 系统主程序 ............................................................................................................... 27 4.3 查键部分 ................................................................................................................... 27 4.4 前进部分 ................................................................................................................... 28 4.5 后退部分 ................................................................................................................... 29 4.6 加速部分 ................................................................................................................... 30 4.7 减速部分 ................................................................................................................... 31 第 5 章 系统的调试与检测 .................................................................................................. 32

5.1 程序编译时的错误与解决方法 ............................................................................... 32

毕业论文

5.2 LM7812输出电压错误与解决方法 .......................................................................... 32 5.3 步进电机转动错误及解决方法 ............................................................................... 32 结论 .......................................................................................................................................... 33 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 34 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 35 附录 .......................................................................................................................................... 36