you will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them support him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats, to make the viewers feel pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. Indeed, most speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
32. Why does the author say persuasion is an art? A. They both entertain the audience. B. They both require great skill to achieve.
C. They both demand full attention from the audience. D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers. 33. How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience? A. By expressing her sympathy with the audience. B. By telling the audience about her personal preference. C. By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive. D. By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic. . 34. What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion? A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion. B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience. C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable. D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.
35. An advertisement for washing powder which claims that M scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using _________.
A. ethos B. pathos C. logos D. a combination of all three
第二节（共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
We’ve all experienced peer pressure (同伴压力). It happens to everybody. However, people have different reactions. Confident people refuse to do things they don’t want to do, but shy and anxious people often give in. It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them, or perhaps they're just curious about trying something new. 36 .
It’s hard being the only one who says no and the question is: how do you do it? 37 . If you think that missing maths, or smoking, or going somewhere you know your parents wouldn’t 'like is a bad idea then the answer is simple: don’t do it. It’s your decision, nobody else’s. You don’t need to be aggressive. You don’t need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, “No thanks. I don’t want to do that.”
Being on your own against everybody else is very hard, so it can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who will say no too. 38 . You want friends who will support you when you’re in trouble. You don’t want people who will always agree with the majority. Remember, the most popular people aren’t always the most trustworthy.
_____39 . 39 — You can learn a lot from people your own age. They can teach you great
football skills or the best way to do your maths homework. They can recommend music and advise you on fashion. And don’t forget you can tell them things too, and that always feels great. So, find friends who have similar interests. And remember, friendship isn’t about feeling depressed and guilty. 40 . A. Choose your friends carefully.
B. Firstly, you must decide what you believe in. C. It’s about sharing experiences and having fun. D. Of course, peer pressure isn’t completely bad. E. It may be because they were all born to be stubborn. F. Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure.
G. Whatever the reason, some people end up doing things they really don’t want to.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45)
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sarah lived on a farm with her family. She was 41 to learn to track, to identify each person and where they were going by the marks they left on the ground. And if her father couldn’t teach her, she’d teach herself.
To the 42 of her family, she borrowed all their 43 and taught herself to recognize everyone’s footprints in the sand. More than once her father came outside shouting, “Sarah, bring me 44 my boots. ”
Sarah developed the habit of walking around with her eyes fixed on the ground, 45 the comings and goings of every 46 in the place.
She also developed the annoying habit of 47 everyone. w What were you doing down at the dam, Jack? You’re not 48 to play there. ” “Did you find what you were 49 in the garage, Auntie?” and “Who was the stranger visiting today wearing size ten boots, Mum?”
After she’d 50 every pair of shoes that everyone 51 , she turned to the farm’s animals. By this time 52 her victims had to admit, 53 , that she was good.
Her best 54 came one evening when she said the horse’s front foot was 55 . Her father said that the horse was 56 fine. Sarah 57 that its hoof (蹄）had a split. Sarah’s father 58 the horse’s hoof.
“You’re 59 . The hoof is split. How did you know?”
“You can see it in its 60 . ’’ Sarah moved the horse away. “Look, it’s plain in the sand. ’’
“If you can tell it has a split hoof from that sand, you’re pretty good,” said her father. 41. A. determined B. forced 42. A. expectation B. annoyance 43. A. shoes 44. A. up 45. A. guiding
B. books B. outside B. hearing
C. appointed C. socks C. over 'C. studying
D. encouraged D. tools D. back D. predicting
C. disappointment D. delight
46. A. vehicle 47. ;A. surprising 48. A. prepared 49. A. calling for 50. A. worn 51. A. owned 52. A. yet 53. A. guiltily 55. A. tied 56. A. safely 57. A. doubted 58. A. inspected 59. A. lying 60. A. boots
B. person B. criticising B. invited B. looking for B. collected B. borrowed f B. even B. approvingly B. lost B. extremely B. wondered B. split B. joking B. tracks
C. animal C. questioning C. qualified C. waiting for C. destroyed tried C. also C. merrily C, magic C. injured C. hardly C. insisted C. treated C. right C. jumps
第II卷
D. season D. challenging D. allowed D. fighting for D. memorised D. bought D. still D. unwillingly D. idea D. stolen D. perfectly D. discovered D. fastened D. crazy . D. hoofs
54. A. performance B. trick
注意事项：
用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二部分英语知识运用（共两节满分45) 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5 分,满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
My doorbell rings at 11 am. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little bag. She is the little boy’s grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought
boy. In her other hand 61 (be) a paper
64 (supply) me with meals.
62 house next door last October. Nicole has 63
(obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided
I know
what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a 65 ( contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat. It’s become a daily
occurrence.
Communication 66 us is somewhat difficult because she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.
Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food. She pointed to the screen, wanted to know
67 showed at message from her daughter telling me that her mother
68 the food was all right for me.
69 (we) able to speak the other’s language but communicating one way or another ( with some
70 (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.
So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of help from technology). The doorbell keeps
第三部分 写作 (共两节 满分35分)
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