副词按其词义和作用,可分为下列几类:
1) 时间副词: 如now, yesterday, soon, next, last, before, already, yet, early, late, ago等 2) 频度副词: 如never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom, always, frequently等. 3) 地点副词: 如here, there, somewhere, everywhere, up, down, in, out, on, off, over,
away等;
4) 方式副词: 如well, fast, quickly. slowly. together等
5) 程度副词: 如 very, so, too, enough, rather, fairly, much, little, quite, almost 等 6) 疑问.连接副词: 如 when, where, why, how, however等
(2) 副词的用法：
1) 修饰形容词： 2) 修饰动词： 3) 修饰其他副词： 4)修饰名词词组： 5) 修饰全句：
The flower is very beautiful. He studies hard. He works very hard. Even a child can do it.
Probably he will come back.
(3) 副词的构成
1) 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的; 如: politely, sadly
2) 当形容词以-y 结尾时, 在加 -ly 之前,先变 y 为 i: heavily, busily 3) 以 -le 结尾时, 去e 加 -y 即可: simply, ably 4) 以 -ll 结尾时, 只须加 -y: dully, shrilly
5) 以-ic 结尾时 , 则在-ic 之后加 -ally; economically, basically
6) 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成, 意义是\向....\ 如: backward(s),
downward(s), forward(s), northward(s), onward(s), upward(s) 等
7) 另外, 有些副词是由名词加后缀 -wise 构成, 表示方向, 位置, 状态, 样子等; 如:
clockwise, lengthwise 等。
(4) 与形容词同形的副词
有些形容词与副词同形, 但有着不同的句法功能。 如: We had an early breakfast We had breakfast early
有些表示时间的词可同时用作形容词和副词。 如：daily, weekly, quarterly, monthly, yearly
(5) 兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式: 一是与形容词同形, 二是由该形容词加-ly 构成。这两种不同的形式, 有些含义相同, 有些略不同, 有些完全不同。如 a) close 作\近\解:
He works close to his home. He was following close behind.
作其它解释时用closely: Watch what I do closely.
The prisons were closely guarded. b) dead 作\突然地\完全地\解: She stopped dead.
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在非正式用语中作\完全地\直接地\解:
He was dead tired. / The wind was dead against us.
deadly 作\死一般地\或\非常\解, 例如 deadly pale, deadly serious, deadly dull 等。
副词练习：
1． Positioned at the crossroads between Europe, the Middle East, Africa and west and South Asia,
Egypt is _______ placed to extend its horizons with trade.
A. definitely B. ideally C. permanently D. fundamentally 2． I have ________ fifty dollars in my bank account.
A. comparatively B. vaguely C. preferably D. approximately 3． John is essentially hardworking even if he is late________.
A. attentively B. hardly C. consequently D occasionally
4． The rain and the cancellation of the baseball game _______ left us with nothing to do.
A. frequently B. incidentally C. consequently D. definitely 5． With an aim of going abroad for further study, Li Ping worked _________.
A. conscientiously B. consciously C. cautiously D. roughly
6． The importance of keeping up to date and providing new services is _____ understood at
Bank of China.
A. legally B. well C. equally D. individually 7． All her life, Jane Smith has taught ______ in the mountain village, far away from city and
fame.
A. extensively B. largely C. completely D. obscurely 8． The student ignored his teacher Miss Colley _______ when she passed him on the campus.
A. shyly B. stubbornly C. deliberately D. gracefully 9． The spoiled son spent his money ________ and soon after he left home he was reduced to a
beggar.
A. extravagantly B. thriftily C. economically D. extraordinarily
10. Mark is such a nice gentle man that he is _______ in support of the Dean of the Faculty.
A. suspiciously B. superficially C. subordinately D. sympathetically
词汇综合练习：
Vocabulary Test 1
1. He proved himself a ________ successor to the former Prime Minister. A. worthwhile B. worthiness
C. worthy D. worth
2. Your radio is too loud, turn the ________ down. A. volume B. voice
C. sound D. tone
3. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever ________. A. understated B. undertaken
C. undergone D. underneath
4. He comes from a poor country village in the mountains, so it’s very hard for him to pay the
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whole school year’s ________ at one time. A. money B. fare
C. fees D. tuition
5. Anthony is a very ________ person and never wastes anything. A. miserly B. thrifty
C. economic D. conservative
6. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try some occupational ________ to remove his mind from distress? A. operation B. therapy
C. injection D. medicine
7. The government used their emergency powers to ________ the truth about the accident. A. suppress B. manipulate
C. control D. manage
8. The ________ of the member countries is supposed to be held recently at Geneva. A. summit B. summary
C. suffering D. summon
9. The ghostly presence was just a (n)_________ sensation of some people. A. objective B. subjunctive
C. subjective D. objected
10. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at ________. A. danger B. loss
C. threat D. stake
11. The ________ of these islands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have a conference next month to settle the issue. A. sovereignty B. right
C. authority D. power
12. That organization __________ persons of different political stands. A. owns B. embraces
C. composes D. consists
13. We would never have secured our independence without the aid you ______. A. pursued B. requested
C. presented D. rendered
14. Women are ________ against the restrictions on job opportunities. A. proceeding B. negative
C. revolving D. urgent
15. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _________. A. artistic B. artificial
C. arbitrary D. mechanical
16. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied. A. impression B. reaction
C. comprehension D. sentiment
17. We’d decided to sell our car, but then we began to have second ________. A. plans B. minds
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C. ideas D. thoughts
18. The mystery guest on the show is ________ other than the President. A. no B. none
C. not D. nothing
19. During the recession they ________ the workers off for three months. A. gave B. laid
C. called D. dropped
20. I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do _______. A. nothing B. none
C. without D. nobody
Vocabulary Test 2
1. Obviously he was _______ by the shop owner when she was shopping in that store. A. supposed B. supplemented
C. swept D. cheated
2. The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing ________. A. surgeon B. suspicion
C. ceremony D. target
3. The blood _______ in the body and provides what the body needs. A. swells B. circulates
C. tastes D. tempted
4. His explanation has _________ this mystery and helped us to understand better. A. surveyed B. clarified
C. surrendered D. torn
5. Many job _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education A. opportunities B. necessities
C. realities D. occurrences
6. The earthquake in the past ten years caused many buildings to _______. A. collapse B. terrify
C. tend D. threaten
7. My __________ will fully support my plan in building the dam there. A. threats B. treatments
C. triangles D. colleagues
8. His poor health __________ him to resign from his job. A. compelled B. treasured
C. transplanted D. trimmed
9. The bus ___________ with the truck on the highway last night. A. united B. undertook
C. vanished D. collided
10. The city is __________of three sections, which are separated by rivers. A. upset B. valued
C. composed D. ventured
11. The firms are not allowed to set up any trade ________ among them.
A. barrier B. blame
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