中考动词最全讲解-共21页 包括常见短语动词辨析，重点动词用法

中考动词辅导策略与习题专练

在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这与汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导？

一、实义动词

1．谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及 主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：

时态\\ 语态 主 动 语 态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 含情态动词 2．非谓语形式： ⑴．不定式

①意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、定

语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。

②．构成：不定式= to﹢动词原形 ③．否定结构= not to do sth

④．复合结构= for sb.﹙not﹚ to do sth ⑤．与疑问词连用：如what to do

⑥．在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看﹙look see watch﹚两听﹙listen hear﹚一感觉﹙feel﹚，注意﹙notice﹚使﹙make﹚让

﹙let have﹚帮﹙help﹚→可不省。

⑦．形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语

之后，“it”叫形式主语。

⑵．动名词

①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。

作主语、宾语﹙包括介词宾语和动词宾语﹚、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚等。

②．构成：动名词=V+ing ③. 否定结构= not doing sth

④. 复合结构=one’﹙ not﹚doing sth ⑶．现在分词

①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。

②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。 ⑷．过去分词

①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。

②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。 3．举例说明：

⑴.I want① to give up② studying ③at school to look after ④ my sick mother at home.

点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般现在时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→动名词。④

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原 形 或 三单 过 去 式 is/am/are ﹢ 现在分词 was/were ﹢ 现在分词 will/ shall﹢动 原 be going to﹢动 原 would/shoud﹢动 原 be going to﹢动 原 have/has ﹢过去分词 had ﹢ 过去分词 情态动词 ﹢ 动 原

被 动 语 态 is/am/are﹢过去 分词 was/were ﹢过去 分词

备 注 划线：助动词 同上

﹙一﹚理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。

is/am/are﹢being﹢过去分词 同上 was/were ﹢being﹢过去分词 同上 will/shall﹢be ﹢ 过去分词 be going to﹢be ﹢过去分词 would/shoud﹢be﹢过去分词 be going to﹢be﹢过去分词 have/has ﹢been﹢过去分词 had ﹢ been ﹢ 过去分词 情态动词﹢be ﹢ 过去分词

同上

Be：is/am/are 划线：助动词 Be：was/were 划线：助动词 同上

非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。

⑵．The teacher told ①us not to forget ②to turn off ③the lights when we left④ the room

点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。④作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。

﹙3﹚Look, There is① a boy taking down② a picture put up③on the wall.

点拨：①作谓语→一般现在时。②非谓语→相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动→现在分词.③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→表示被动→过去分词.

﹙二﹚．既要求同亦要寻异

凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握 实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用 法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意：

1．介词﹢动名词 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework. 2．动词﹙词组﹚﹢动名词 这样的动词有：

give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind doing 介意做某事 spend?﹙in﹚doing 花费时间做某事

can’t stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事 excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事 carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳

为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事

prefer doing to doing与做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳课

更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事

stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位 consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事 miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议 3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同： ⑴.like/love/hate

① doing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning. ② to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ?

⑵．Stop

① doing：停止做某事﹙某事不做了﹚例：Please stop working if you are tired. ② to do：停下来去做某事﹙某事要做﹚例：I am tired to have a rest.

⑶．go on

① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. ② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college.

⑷.remember

① doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.

② to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room.

⑸.forget

① doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere

② to do：忘记要做的事 例：Don’t forget to turn off the light when leaving the room

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⑥.need/want/require

① doing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaning﹦The blackboard needs to be cleaned.

② to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest.

⑺.try

① doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you.

② to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time.

⑻.continue

① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades.

② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college.

⑼.can’t help

① doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he can’t help jumping. ② to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I can’t help to do it for you.

⑽.mean

①.doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now. ②. to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow. ⑾.agree

①. on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. ②. to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.

⑿ .decide

①. on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on. ②．to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study. ⒀.encourage

①. doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the

environment

②. sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard.

⒁.allow

①. doing：允许做某事例：We don’t allow smoking here

②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We don’t allow you to smoke here

⒂.advise

①. doing：建议做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow.

②. sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.

⒃.permit

①. doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.

②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. ⒄.begin/start 开始做某事

①.doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Let’s begin running.

②. to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain. ⒅.plan

①. on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year. ②. to do计划做某事 例：：We have decided to build a school next year.

﹙三﹚. 再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。即：将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总结，以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生，自己提取难点，教师指导，逐一突破。 A

aim at 针对?agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或建议ask for请求、索要 add?to?把?和?加起来 ask for a ride 搭车ask for a day off请一天假 achieve a victory取得胜利

acount for公布、宣布?arrive in到达﹙大地方﹚ arrive at到达﹙小地方﹚ argue with 与?争吵apologize to 向?道歉

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B

be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 break up with sb.与某人断绝关系 be used for doing被用来做某事 be used to do被用来做某事 break out 爆发believe in信任 begin/start with以?开始 belong to属于? built ?into?把?建成? base on以?为基础 break off解散解雇 break down 破坏borrow? from ?向借bring sb.sth. 把某物给某人带来bring sth. to sb. 把某物给某人带来beg your parden 再重复一遍break the rule违规 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事break into破门而入 buy sb. sth.给某人买某物 buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物

C

come into being形成、出现 come true变为现实come for a visit来参观come on 过来、跟着来come down with抵御、抑制come back回来come out of 从?里出来come to do sth.逐渐做某事come back from work下班回来come about 发生come from来自? come here 来这里come home来到家 come to到?来 come along出现、发生 come over过来 come into进入?里 come in 进来come out出来come out of从?里出来come up to 向?走来come to the party 来参加聚会catch up with 赶上?catch a fire着火catch hold of抓住?catch a bus赶公共汽车 cut up 切碎cut in half切成半cut off切断﹙电源、水源﹚cut in line插队 care for关心、关爱care about在意?call for号召call on拜访 call out呼喊 call up给?打电话call sb. at some number给某人大某个号码 calm down 镇静下来 communicate with 与?交流complain about 抱怨?can’ t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事clean up 清理、打扫干净carry out 执行click on 点击connect ?to? 把?和?连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查 D

drop by 顺便拜访drop out of school辍学drop litter丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术do sth. in person亲自做某事 do business做生意 do exercise 做操do with处理 do wrong 做错事do one’s homework做作业 do some sports做运动 do well in对?学得好 do one’lesson 做功课do the dishes 洗餐具 do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事 do one’sresolution 做决定要做的事do harm to对?有危害 do some cleaning 扫除do some reading读书 do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭 do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务 deal with 处理disagree with sb.不同意某人意见describe? as ?把?描绘为?die of 死于﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴﹚die from死于﹙间接外因，如车祸、天灾﹚die out 灭绝drive sb. crazy使某人发疯drive to?开车去? divide? into?把?分成?depend on依赖?decide on﹙doing﹚sth. dry out干涸 dry up 烘干dream of 梦想?draw up起草、拟定 dress sb. 给某人穿衣dress in穿着dress up打扮beat sb.赢了某人 E

e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件 educate sb. to do sth.教育某人做某事enjoy oneself 玩得愉快enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事end up doing sth.结束做某事 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事encourage doing sth. 鼓励做某事encourage sb. to sth.鼓励某人做某事 express sb. sth.= express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 eat up吃光 F

fall over摔倒、倒塌 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with爱上、迷恋 fight against与?作斗争 follow the rules 遵守规则fail the exam考试不及格 find out查明﹙原因、真相﹚ feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to乘飞机去? fit into ? 适应? fill in =fill out 填充填写 fill?with?用?填?feel sorry for因?而难过 forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事finish doing sth.做完某事fold the clothes叠衣服 G

get here/there到这里﹙那里﹚ get home到家 get on 上﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get off下﹙车、船、飞机等﹚ get up起来、起床 get down 取下get to sleep 入睡get sb.sth.=get sth. for sb.给某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成绩get out one’way to do sth. 特地做某事get rid of 除掉?get to到达 get out of 从?里出来get into 进入get in the way of妨碍 get together 集会 get into trouble陷入困境 get out of trouble 脱离困境get used to﹙doing﹚sth.习惯﹙做﹚某事 get to do sth.着手做某事 get ready for为?做准备 get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 get away from远离?get a sore back 背痛get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话﹙打电话用语﹚get on/along well with 与相处?融洽 get to know认识 get married结婚 get in touch with 与?取得联系go to? 去?go home 回家go there去那里 go back回去 go out 出去go out for?出去做? go down/along 沿着?走go to school上学 go to college 上大学go to the doctor’去医务室go to the cinema 去看电影go across?穿过?﹙平面﹚ go to work上班 go bad变坏 go by流逝﹙时间﹚ go to the lessons去上课 go to the party去聚会 go one’own way走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去观光 go the same way同路 go away 走开go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡觉go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on with继续?go shopping 去购物go hiking 去远足 go abroad 出国go over复习 go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼 go on a trip去从事旅游 go in for sports进行体育运动 give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 give in﹙doing﹚sth.屈服﹙做﹚某事 give up﹙doing﹚sth.放弃﹙做﹚某事 give away 赠送give out 颁发give back 归还 give off 发出﹙气味等﹚give sb. some advice给某人提建议 give a talk作报告give lessons to sb. 给某人上课give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一下give back 归还give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙 grow up 长大

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