The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today．They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely．It wasn't．
The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death．Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% －until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems． Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable（脆弱的）to death． The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need．No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help．
Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous（严密的）and well-controlled．But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate．
Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate．Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe’s British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too．
Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors．
Dangers of Isolation Passage outline The finding of a new study and its impact The between social isolation and loneliness The conclusion of the research differences Supporting details ●Social isolation may （71） older people's risk of death． ●More （72） is caused over older people's higher death rate． ●Social isolation means that people hardly （73） with others or stay alone． ●Loneliness means that people are not satisfied with their social connections or （74） lonely． ●The isolation actually led to a greater risk of dying, but （75） itself couldn't cause the higher death rate． ●The cause of higher death rate might lie in their lack of good care and 第13页（共19页）
timely （76） ． The （77） of other another． ●It was still （78） that social isolation rather than loneliness is the real cause of higher death rate． ●Cultural differences between Britons and Americans might explain the （79） result of the study by John Cacioppo． ●There is still a long way to go before （80） how those two factors affect one another． 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）
81．生活中不文明的现象时有出现。假设你班同学在公共场所有不文明的行为，请你根据以下提示，用英
语写一篇短文，向某英文报投稿。 简要描述不文明现象 分析这些现象的原因 谈谈如何做到讲文明 注意：
1．对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数。
3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 4．参考词汇：uncivilized adj．不文明的；morals n．[pl．]道德心
Uncivilized behavior can often be found in everyday life． 第14页（共19页）
喧哗、插队、抢座位，等等 1．缺少公德心 2．…… （请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法）
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