C. She lost her temper in the end. D. She didn’t know how to complain Passage Two
Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists（人类学家）, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing，but they are not the same.
…… Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings……
The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; ……
One of the basic and best-know features of civi1ization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first whee1 to the 1atest, most advanced model of automobile.
It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. ……
36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”, and “culture”? A. They are identical.
B. They are different concepts.
C. They can often be 1used interchangeable. D. They are defined differently by different people.
37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to ______. A. people’s way of life in cities.
B. people’s ability to live together in cities. C. a type of social organizations D. an advanced level of social life
38. The Latin verb colere originally means “______” A. live in a city. B. develop oneself C. promote growth D. cultivate the land
39. The author believes that creativity ______. A. is a unique feature of civilized beings B. brings forth the improvement of tools C. is the result of human development D. helps the advance of culture
40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that ______. A. monkeys are the same as birds
B. people once 1ived in caves like monkeys C. monkeys can never develop into human beings D. man is different from other animals such as monkeys Passage Three
The huge growth of global \with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist.
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations”
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. ……
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model. 41. Ecotourism is meant to ______.
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife B. have wild species respond well to contact with humans C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices C. actually lack proper examination and official approval D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present \A. It will disturb their life. B. It will affect their health. C. It will increase their stress. D. It will threaten their survival.
44. According to the passage, the growth in the global “ecotourism” industry ______. A. reflects a growing concern for conservation B. arouses a growing concern for conservation C. coincides with a mounting concern for conservation D. originates from a grater concern for conservation
45. According to the passage, a solution to the \A. encourage people to manage endangered species B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings C. help wild animals increase their fitness
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease Passage Four
Computers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.
Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as \ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.\ch is which?\Computers can also accurately translate \thing, you make my heart sing!\into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.
But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen（围养禽畜的圈）,” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.
In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the \efforts, programmers admit that a \46. Computers today are capable of ______. A. defeating the best chess player in the world. B. telling subtle differences between languages C. translating over 60 percent of difficult texts. D. doing human-like common sense reasoning
47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrase. B. Computers can understand sensitive language. C. Computers can translate technical language D. Computers can understand pre-programmed word.
48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers ______. A. can not translate illogical sentences
B. do not have a large enough capacity of memory C. can not understand grammatical rules D. do not have intuition to process language
49. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to______. A. use powerful rule-programmed computers B. teach computers to think by practice
C. have computers compile translating dictionaries D. add explanations of words in computer programs
50. The passage suggests that ______.
A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B. it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C. only technical language is suitable for machine translation D. it is impossib1e to determine of identical words Passage Five
Several years ago during the dot-com passion, Manhattan lawyer John Kennedy sometimes wore a dark blue suit to meet potential Internet clients. But he soon realized that his conservative clothes were a strike against him before he even shook hands. so he began to do business in casual, open-shirt clothes. But now the tables have turned. Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants. “I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress,” said Kennedy. “I find myself wearing suits more.”
While there isn’t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing Jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year age. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn’t affect them as dramatically. “Business casual” took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. ……
Observers mention many factors driving the trend Internet companies helped lead the dress-downmovement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid. Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts.
US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress “professionally,” which some say sets a tome for the nation. ……
51. \A. the Manhattan law business grew very quickly B. shaking hands with clients became popular C. the country was fighting the conservatives D. the Internet companies boomed then
52. When the \A. businessmen wore ties only in workplace B. businessmen didn’t wear ties at all
C. businesswomen didn’t wear formally in workplace D. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere 53. The Fortune 500 executives ______. A. set the trend toward more casual wear B. are particular about what they wear C. begin to wear suits more often than before D. are usual1y indifferent to fashion trend
54. At the beginning of the \A. when meeting clients B. on weekends C. in summer D. almost everyday
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