年产14万吨燃料乙醇厂初步工艺设计重点设备——发酵罐毕业论文

毕业设计说明书(论文)

作 者： 常月媛 学 号： 0904150101 院 系： 化学工程学院 专 业： 生物工程 题 目：年产14万吨燃料乙醇厂初步工艺设计

重点设备——发酵罐

指导者： 刘月华 副教授 吴冬志 工程师

评阅者：

2013 年 6 月 吉 林

摘 要

摘 要

燃料乙醇的开发和研究在当今世界面临着能源枯竭的情况下，具有重要的战略意义。本毕业课题总结了燃料乙醇的基本情况和国内外使用现状，论述了我国推广 使用燃料乙醇的意义。采用干法粉碎技术对原料进行粉碎处理，运用喷射闪蒸技术进行常压蒸煮，通过液糖化过程，进行大罐连续发酵，采用传统式三塔蒸馏技术直接蒸汽进行加热蒸馏，排醛脱水得到无水乙醇，最后以95:5（体积比）和93号汽油混合变性，得到成品燃料乙醇。运用理论基础知识，本设计对年产14万吨燃料乙醇生产过程进行了工艺计算，为最初设备选型提供理论依据。再根据本文所采取的的工艺流程和工艺计算做出主要的设备选型。同时，针对乙醇生产后的乙醇糟和废水进行处理，节约了投资成本，保护环境，增加经济效益。

关键词：燃料乙醇；工艺设计；工艺流程；设备选型

I

摘 要

Abstract

The research and development of fuel ethanol has important strategic significance, in today's world is facing energy depletion situation. This paper summarizes the basic situation of fuel ethanol and the use of fuel ethanol at home and abroad, at the same time, discussed our country to promote the use of fuel ethanol significance. Dry grinding technology which uses for raw materials pulverizing process, using the flash technologies injection pressure cooking, after saccharification process the fluid into large tanks in progress continuous fermentation, using the three-tower distillation technology to heat distillation, Finally, 95:5 (volume ratio) and 93 gasoline hybrid variability, get finished fuel ethanol. The use of basic knowledge of the theory, the design for the annual output of 140,000 tons of fuel ethanol production process of the calculation process, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the initial equipment selection. Taken according to this process and the process of making a major computing equipment selection. Meanwhile, treatment the bad ethanol and wastewater which is getting ethanol production will save the cost of investment, protect to the environment and increase to economic efficiency.

Key words: fuel ethanol; process design; process flow; equipment selection

II

目 录

目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ............................................................................................................................... II

第1章 绪 论 ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 中国酒精工业的发展历史 ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 我国酒精工艺和装备技术的发展 ......................................................................... 2 1.3 解决酒精生产问题的对策 ..................................................................................... 2 1.4 酒精工业的发展趋势 ............................................................................................. 3 1.5 开发燃料乙醇的意义 ............................................................................................. 3 1.6 燃料乙醇在国外发展的情况 ................................................................................. 4 第2章 设计概论 ............................................................................................................ 6 2.1 毕业设计的目的 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2 毕业设计的题目 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 毕业设计的任务 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.4 毕业设计的指导思想 ............................................................................................. 6 2.5 毕业设计的依据 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.6 厂址选择原则 ......................................................................................................... 7 2.7 厂址选择 ................................................................................................................. 7 2.8 原料来源、规格 ................................................................................................... 10 2.9 主要辅料的质量标准 ........................................................................................... 12 2.10 水的质量标准 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.11 燃料乙醇成品的质量标准 ................................................................................. 15 2.12 主要工艺参数 ..................................................................................................... 17 2.13 环保措施 ............................................................................................................. 17 2.13.1 CO2的综合利用 ............................................................................................ 17 2.13.2 杂醇油的回收 .............................................................................................. 17 2.13.3 酒精酵母的利用 .......................................................................................... 18 2.13.4 酒精糟的回收利用 ...................................................................................... 18 第3章 酒精生产工艺流程的设计和说明 .................................................................. 19 3.1 酒精的性质、用途及生产方法的概述 ............................................................... 19 3.1.1 酒精的性质 .................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 酒精的用途 .................................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 玉米原料生产酒精流程 ................................................................................ 19 3.2 工艺条件及说明 ................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 玉米粉供应工序 ............................................................................................ 21 3.2.2 液化糖化工序 ................................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 发酵工序 ........................................................................................................ 22

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